Oral Cavity Flashcards
What are the major components of the oral cavity?
Lips
Gingivae and oral mucosa
Retromolar trigone(mucosa of retromolar fossa)
Teeth
Hard palate
Cheek mucosa
Mobile tongue
Floor of the mouth
What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?
Anterior and Lateral Boundary: Lips and cheeks
Superior Boundary: Hard and soft palate
Inferior Boundary: Floor of the mouth (geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles)
Posterior Boundary: Uvula and palatine tonsils
What arteries supply blood to the oral cavity?
Facial Artery
Inferior Alveolar Artery
Maxillary Artery
Infraorbital Artery
Posterosuperior alveolar arteries
Where does the venous drainage of the oral cavity go?
Veins of the palate drain into the pterygoid venous plexus.
Lingual veins of the tongue drain into the internal jugular vein.
What is the lymphatic drainage of the oral cavity?
Submandibular lymph nodes: Upper lip, teeth, lateral parts of the anterior tongue, and gingiva.
Submental lymph nodes: Lower lip and apex of the tongue.
Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes: Medial anterior portion of the tongue.
Superior deep cervical lymph nodes: Posterior portion of the tongue.
What nerves provide sensory innervation to the oral cavity?
Roof: Greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves (branches of the maxillary nerve).
Floor: Lingual nerve (branch of the mandibular nerve).
Cheek: Buccal nerve (branch of the mandibular nerve).
What nerves provide motor innervation to the muscles of the oral cavity?
Facial nerve (VII) supplies the buccinator (cheek) and orbicularis oris (lip) muscles.
What are the muscles in the oral cavity
Buccinator and orbicularis oris
When does the deciduous dentition begin to form and when is it completed?
Begins to form prenatally at about 14 weeks in utero.
Completed postnatally at about 3 years of age.
What are the two sets of teeth in humans?
Primary (Deciduous) teeth
Permanent teeth
When is the permanent dentition completed?
Completed (including roots) at about 14-15 years of age, except for the third molars, which are completed at 18-25 years of age.
What is the mixed dentition period?
Begins around 6 years of age and ends around 12 years of age.
It starts with the eruption of the first permanent molars and the shedding of deciduous incisors.
What is the general structure of a tooth?
Crown: Anatomic crown and clinical crown.
Root: Contains pulp, cementum, and apical foramen.
Other structures: Enamel, dentin, odontoblasts, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone.
What are some key tooth landmarks?
Cusp: An elevation on the crown portion of a tooth.
Cingulum: The lingual lobe of an anterior tooth.
Ridge: A linear elevation on the surface of a tooth.
Fossa: A depression or hollow on the tooth surface.
What is the difference between the anatomical crown and the clinical crown
The anatomical crown is defined by the enamel and remains constant, while the clinical crown is the part of the tooth visible in the mouth, which can change due to gum recession or other factors.
What are supernumerary teeth?
Extra teeth that can appear in addition to the normal set. Examples include midline supernumerary, supplemental, parapremolar, paramolar, and distomolar.
What are the names of the permanent teeth in each quadrant?
1.Central incisor
2.Lateral incisor
3.Canine (cuspid)
4.First premolar (first bicuspid)
5.Second premolar (second bicuspid)
4.First molar
5.Second molar
6.Third molar
What are the tooth numbering systems ?
Zsigmondy Palmer (symbolic)
Universal
Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI)
What is the formula for mammalian teeth?
Deciduous teeth: 2I 1C 2M = 10
Permanent teeth: 2I 1C 2P 3M = 16
What are the surfaces of incisors, canines, premolars, and molars?
Incisors and canines: 4 surfaces.
Premolars and molars: 5 surfaces.
What is the Universal numbering system for permanent teeth?
Upper right to upper left: 1 to 16
Lower left to lower right: 17 to 32
What is the FDI numbering system for deciduous teeth?
Upper right: 55-51
Upper left: 61-65
Lower left: 71-75
Lower right: 85-81
What is the function of the labial frenulum?
The labial frenulum is a fold of tissue that connects the lips to the gums, helping to stabilize the movement of the lips.
What are natal and neonatal teeth?
Natal teeth: Teeth present at birth.
Neonatal teeth: Teeth that erupt within the first 30 days after birth.
What is the role of the pterygomandibular raphe?
The pterygomandibular raphe is a tendinous band that connects the buccinator muscle (cheek) to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, playing a role in the structure of the oral cavity and pharynx.
What is the difference between the oral vestibule and the oral cavity proper?
Oral vestibule: The space between the lips/cheeks and the teeth.
Oral cavity proper: The space inside the teeth and gums, where the tongue is located.
What is the significance of the maxillary tuberosity?
The maxillary tuberosity is a rounded area behind the last upper molar, important for dental procedures like extractions and the placement of dental implants.
What is the role of the uvula in the oral cavity?
The uvula helps in speech and swallowing by preventing food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing.
What is the function of the palatine tonsils?
The palatine tonsils are part of the immune system, helping to protect against infections by trapping pathogens that enter through the mouth.
What is the significance of the alveolar process in the oral cavity?
The alveolar process is the bony ridge that contains the tooth sockets, providing support for the teeth.
What is the role of the tongue in the oral cavity?
The tongue is involved in mastication (chewing), taste, speech, and swallowing.
What is the function of the periodontal ligament?
The periodontal ligament connects the tooth to the alveolar bone, providing support and shock absorption during chewing
What is the role of the pulp in a tooth?
The pulp contains nerves and blood vessels, providing nutrients and sensory function to the tooth.
What is the significance of the apical foramen?
The apical foramen is the opening at the tip of the tooth root where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth.
What is the difference between deciduous and permanent teeth?
Deciduous teeth: Also known as primary or baby teeth, there are 20 in total, and they are eventually replaced by permanent teeth.
Permanent teeth: There are 32 in total, and they are designed to last a lifetime.
What is the significance of the mental artery in the oral cavity?
The mental artery supplies blood to the chin and lower lip, branching off from the inferior alveolar artery.
What is the role of the mylohyoid muscle in the oral cavity?
The mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the mouth and helps in elevating the hyoid bone and depressing the mandible during swallowing and speech.
What is the significance of the incisive artery?
The incisive artery supplies blood to the anterior teeth and the surrounding tissues.
What is the significance of the first permanent molars?
The first permanent molars (also called “6-year molars”) are the first permanent teeth to erupt, usually around age 6, and play a crucial role in the development of the dental arch.
What is the role of the buccal nerve in the oral cavity?
The buccal nerve provides sensory innervation to the cheek and the buccal mucosa.
What is the role of the parotid gland in the oral cavity?
The parotid gland is one of the major salivary glands, producing saliva that aids in digestion and lubrication of the oral cavity.
What is the significance of the pterygoid venous plexus?
The pterygoid venous plexus is a network of veins that drains blood from the oral cavity, including the palate, and connects to the internal jugular vein.
What is the significance of the lingual tonsil in the oral cavity?
The lingual tonsil, located at the base of the tongue, is part of the immune system and helps protect against infections entering through the mouth.
What is the role of the geniohyoid muscle in the oral cavity?
The geniohyoid muscle helps in elevating the hyoid bone and depressing the mandible, playing a role in swallowing and speech.
What is the significance of the hamulus of the pterygoid process?
The hamulus of the pterygoid process is a hook-like structure that serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments involved in swallowing and speech.
What is the role of the orbicularis oris muscle in the oral cavity?
The orbicularis oris muscle is responsible for closing and puckering the lips, playing a key role in speech and facial expressions.
What is the significance of the anterior and posterior pillars in the oral cavity?
The anterior pillar (glossopalatine muscle) and posterior pillar (pharyngopalatine muscle) are structures in the oropharynx that help in swallowing and speech.
What is the role of the fimbriated fold in the oral cavity?
The fimbriated fold is a small fold of tissue on the underside of the tongue, with no major functional significance but sometimes involved in oral pathology.
