oral cancer

Question 1

__ deaths occur every day from oral cancer

Answer 1

24

Question 2

The Mortality Rate for oral cancer has not decreased in over __ years

Answer 2

30

Question 3

__% of the cases of oral cancer are not diagnosed until stage two or later

Answer 3

72%

Question 4

Late detection results in a five-year survival rate of only __% ?

Answer 4

52

Question 5

Age-Standardized Rates (ASRs) of Oral Cancer (OC) incidence for both genders →
State of Palestine ?

Answer 5

3.8 per 100000

Question 6

Age-Standardized Rates (ASRs) of Oral Cancer (OC) incidence for both genders →
somalia ?

Answer 6

Somalia (3.5 per 100,000 annually

Question 7

Age-Standardized Rates (ASRs) of Oral Cancer (OC) incidence for both genders →
sudan ?

Answer 7

Sudan (3.0 per 100,000 annually) – Third in the MENA region

male 3.7 female 2.3

Question 8

ASR mortality rates due to OC →
Djibouti ?
Sudan ?

Answer 8

2. 7

2. 2

Question 9

traditional risk factors of OC

Answer 9

Traditional risk factors:
Male
Over age 40
Tobacco users
Smoke and Smokeless
Alcohol consumption
History of cancer

Question 10

toombak?

Answer 10

Smokeless tobacco

unusually high in Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines compared to any other type of smokeless tobacco

Question 11

what 2 factors cause the greatest risk for oral cancer

Answer 11

alcohol and tobacco

Question 12

Oral cancer does not have near enough public awareness even though it is the __ most common form of cancer with the __ highest mortality rate

Answer 12

11th

6th

Question 13

The human papillomavirus (HPV) has accounted for a __% increase in oropharyngeal cancers from 1988-2004

Answer 13

225

Question 14

The same viral strain that is responsible __ for 70-80% of all cervical cancers is solely responsible for __% of all HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers

Answer 14

HPV 16

85-95%

Question 15

The FDA estimates that 70% of cervical cancers are associated with HPV- __ or HPV-_

Answer 15

16 OR 18

Question 16

According to a study done on patients in Omdurman, the majority of patients (66.1%) indicated the most common source of information about oral cancer was from the __, while __ % obtained knowledge from direct contact of health workers.

Answer 16

MEDIA

33.9

Question 17

__% never screened for oral cancer, and even indicated the ignorance of the existence of an oral cancer examination

Answer 17

93.2

Question 18

why are 72% of cases not found until stage 2 or later ?

Answer 18

the cellular change is not visible during a routine exam.

Question 19

tolduline blue is based on selective binding of the dye to___in the oral epithelium.

Answer 19

dysplastic or malignant cells

Question 20

toluidine blue selectively stains for __ tissue components and thus binds more readily to __, which is increased in neoplastic cells.

Answer 20

acidic

DNA

Question 21

pros and ccons of toduline clue

Answer 21

pros: inexpensive noninvasive, recommended for mouthwash for sus lesions
cons: can give false positives

Question 22

fine needle aspiration ?

Answer 22

teesting clinically suspicious changes involving salivary glands and lymph nodes

Question 23

standard screening aids ?

Answer 23

Standard Screening aids

conventional intra and extra oral examination

Question 24

Screening adjuncts ?

Answer 24

Screening adjuncts

oral cytology, vital staining, i.e.toluidine blue, methylene blue, and fluorescence light

Question 25

definitive diagnosis ?

Answer 25

Definitive diagnosis | through scalpel biopsy and histological assessment

Question 26

OralID shines on healthy oral tissue, it fluoresces __?. However, when it shines on abnormal tissue, it appears __ ?

Answer 26

green | dark

Question 27

steps of vizilite?

Answer 27

Patient rinses with 1% acetic acid for 1 minute Activate device by bending outer capsule to break inner vial Shake capsule to mix contents Insert capsule into retractor unit Dim room lighting Visually inspect oral cavity using device Discard materials

Question 28

After rinsing with the acetic acid solution, abnormal squamous epithelium tissue will appear__?

Answer 28

acetowhite

Question 29

using vitzilite normal epithelium appears ?

Answer 29

dark

Question 30

Chemiluminescence is made of ?

Answer 30

hydrogen peroxide and acetylsalicylic acid inside

Question 31

velscope is a safe blue light that shines all the way to the __ layer

Answer 31

stromal

Question 32

velscope identifes ?

Answer 32

Lichen Planus Candidiasis Viral and bacterial infections Inflammation from a variety of causes (e.g. trauma) Salivary gland tumors

Question 33

lichen planus ?

Answer 33

is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes. On the skin, lichen planus usually appears as purplish, often itchy, flat-topped bumps, developing over several weeks. In the mouth, vagina and other areas covered by a mucous membrane, lichen planus forms lacy white patches, sometimes with painful sores.

Question 34

Blanching ?

Answer 34

Blanching is a technique to indicate whether or not | an abnormality has an inflammatory component

Question 35

negative vs positive diascopy ?

Answer 35

Hemorrhagic lesions and nonvascular lesions do not blanch("negative diascopy"); inflammatory lesions do("positive diascopy").