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intro to clinical > oral cancer > Flashcards

oral cancer Flashcards

1
Q

__ deaths occur every day from oral cancer

A

24

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2
Q

The Mortality Rate for oral cancer has not decreased in over __ years

A

30

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3
Q

__% of the cases of oral cancer are not diagnosed until stage two or later

A

72%

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4
Q

Late detection results in a five-year survival rate of only __% ?

A

52

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5
Q

Age-Standardized Rates (ASRs) of Oral Cancer (OC) incidence for both genders →
State of Palestine ?

A

3.8 per 100000

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6
Q

Age-Standardized Rates (ASRs) of Oral Cancer (OC) incidence for both genders →
somalia ?

A

Somalia (3.5 per 100,000 annually

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7
Q

Age-Standardized Rates (ASRs) of Oral Cancer (OC) incidence for both genders →
sudan ?

A

Sudan (3.0 per 100,000 annually) – Third in the MENA region

male 3.7 female 2.3

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8
Q

ASR mortality rates due to OC →
Djibouti ?
Sudan ?

A
  1. 7

2. 2

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9
Q

traditional risk factors of OC

A 
Traditional risk factors:
Male
Over age 40
Tobacco users
Smoke and Smokeless
Alcohol consumption
History of cancer
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10
Q

toombak?

A

Smokeless tobacco

unusually high in Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines compared to any other type of smokeless tobacco

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11
Q

what 2 factors cause the greatest risk for oral cancer

A

alcohol and tobacco

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12
Q

Oral cancer does not have near enough public awareness even though it is the __ most common form of cancer with the __ highest mortality rate

A

11th

6th

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13
Q

The human papillomavirus (HPV) has accounted for a __% increase in oropharyngeal cancers from 1988-2004

A

225

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14
Q

The same viral strain that is responsible __ for 70-80% of all cervical cancers is solely responsible for __% of all HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers

A

HPV 16

85-95%

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15
Q

The FDA estimates that 70% of cervical cancers are associated with HPV- __ or HPV-_

A

16 OR 18

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16
Q

According to a study done on patients in Omdurman, the majority of patients (66.1%) indicated the most common source of information about oral cancer was from the __, while __ % obtained knowledge from direct contact of health workers.

A

MEDIA

33.9

17
Q

__% never screened for oral cancer, and even indicated the ignorance of the existence of an oral cancer examination

A

93.2

18
Q

why are 72% of cases not found until stage 2 or later ?

A

the cellular change is not visible during a routine exam.

19
Q

tolduline blue is based on selective binding of the dye to___in the oral epithelium.

A

dysplastic or malignant cells

20
Q

toluidine blue selectively stains for __ tissue components and thus binds more readily to __, which is increased in neoplastic cells.

A

acidic

DNA

21
Q

pros and ccons of toduline clue

A

pros: inexpensive noninvasive, recommended for mouthwash for sus lesions
cons: can give false positives

22
Q

fine needle aspiration ?

A

teesting clinically suspicious changes involving salivary glands and lymph nodes

23
Q

standard screening aids ?

A

Standard Screening aids

conventional intra and extra oral examination

24
Q

Screening adjuncts ?

A

Screening adjuncts

oral cytology, vital staining, i.e.toluidine blue, methylene blue, and fluorescence light

25
Q

definitive diagnosis ?

A

Definitive diagnosis

through scalpel biopsy and histological assessment

26
Q

OralID shines on healthy oral tissue, it fluoresces __?. However, when it shines on abnormal tissue, it appears __ ?

A

green

dark

27
Q

steps of vizilite?

A

Patient rinses with 1% acetic acid for 1 minute
Activate device by bending outer capsule to break inner vial
Shake capsule to mix contents
Insert capsule into retractor unit
Dim room lighting
Visually inspect oral cavity using device
Discard materials

28
Q

After rinsing with the acetic acid solution, abnormal squamous epithelium tissuewill appear__?

A

acetowhite

29
Q

using vitzilite normal epithelium appears ?

A

dark

30
Q

Chemiluminescence is made of ?

A

hydrogen peroxide and acetylsalicylic acid inside

31
Q

velscope is a safe blue light that shines all the way to the __ layer

A

stromal

32
Q

velscope identifes ?

A

Lichen Planus

Candidiasis

Viral and bacterial infections

Inflammation from a variety of causes (e.g. trauma)

Salivary gland tumors

33
Q

lichen planus ?

A

is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes. On the skin, lichen planus usually appears as purplish, often itchy, flat-topped bumps, developing over several weeks. In the mouth, vagina and other areas covered by a mucous membrane, lichen planus forms lacy white patches, sometimes with painful sores.

34
Q

Blanching ?

A

Blanching is a technique to indicate whether or not

an abnormality has an inflammatory component

35
Q

negative vs positive diascopy ?

A

Hemorrhagic lesions and nonvascular lesions do not blanch(“negative diascopy”); inflammatory lesions do(“positive diascopy”).

intro to clinical (2 decks)

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