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BDS2 Oral Biology (Inc. Head and Neck Anatomy) > Oral Biology > Flashcards

Oral Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Enamel

What are the characteristics of enamel?

8

A
  1. Hardest tissue in the body
  2. Resists abrasion
  3. Brittle
  4. Supported by dentine
  5. Covers tooth crown
  6. Varies in thickness
  7. Translucent
  8. Transparency increase with mineralisation
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2
Q

Enamel

What are the enamel region variations?

A
  1. Surface enamel more mineralised therefore harder than deeper enamel
  2. Hardness decreases from cusp tip/ incisal edge to cervical region
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3
Q

Enamel

What are the dimensions of an enamel rod?

A

5um x 2.5mm

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4
Q

Enamel

How much HA crystallites are contained in an enamel rod?

A

More than 10^6

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5
Q

Enamel

What determines the light microscopy appearance of enamel?

A

the orientation of crystallites

which varies within and along an enamel rod

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6
Q

Enamel

How are the crystallites orientated in Rod region?

‘Head’ Region

A

Run parallel to each other (the long axes of the rods)

perpendicular to tooths surface

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7
Q

Enamel

How are the crystallites orientated in the interrod region?

‘Tail’ Region

A

Orientated away from the rods

Surround the enamel rods which enhances the keyhole appearance

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8
Q

Enamel

What is the enamel content?

3

A
  1. Hydroxyapatite (HA) - 95% weight
  2. Water - 4% weight
  3. Organic Matrix - 1% weight
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9
Q

Enamel

What does rod structure arise from?

A

Variations in orientation of crystallites

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10
Q

Dental Pulp

What cells are present in the dental pulp?

3

A
  1. Ondontoblasts
  2. Fibroblasts
  3. Defence Cells
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11
Q

Dental Pulp

What extracellular components are found in the dental pulp?

Fibres and Matrix

A

Fibres: Collagen, oxytalan
Matrix: Proteoglycans, Chondrotin SO4, Dermatan SO4

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12
Q

Dental Pulp

What nerves are present in the pulp?

A

Sensory
Autonomic (symp.)

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13
Q

Dental Pulp

What is the main function of the pulp?

A

Produce dentine

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14
Q

Dental Pulp

What are the functions of the dental pulp?

5

A
  1. Nutritive
  2. Dentine growth
  3. Dentine repair
  4. Defence
  5. Neural
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15
Q

Dental Pulp

What are the developmental links between dentine and pulp?

A

Both formed from the papilla

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16
Q

Dental Pulp

Which pulpal elements extend into dentine?

4 - Structural Links

A
  1. Ondontoblast processes
  2. Nerve terminals
  3. Immune cells (dendritic cells)
  4. Dentinal fluid
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17
Q

Dental Pulp

What is the difference between reparative dentine and reactionary dentine?

A

Reactionay dentine
- laid down by primary odontblasts
- in response to mild stimulus
Reparative dentine
- laid down by secondary odontoblasts
- in response to intense stimulus that destroys primary ondontblasts

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18
Q

Dental Pulp

What generates the outward movement of the dentinal fluid into interstital space?

A

Difference between Capillary pressure and Oncotic pressure in the pulp blood vessels

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19
Q

Dental Pulp

What are the functional links between dentine and pulp

3

A
  1. Formation of secondary dentine
  2. Formation of tertiary dentine in response to tooth wear
  3. Regulate exchange material between dentine and pulp
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20
Q

Dental Pulp

Causes of toothwear - Enamel and Dentine

6

A
  1. Mastication
  2. Bruxism
  3. Abfraction
  4. Diet (erosion)
  5. Caries
  6. Operative Procedures
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21
Q

Dental Pulp

How do ondontoblasts act as a permeability barrier?

A
  • Separates pulp and tubular space
  • Regulates movement of material between pulp and tubular ECF
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22
Q

Dental Pulp

Where do the pulp nerves originate from

A

Branches from alveolar nerves

23
Q

Which mechanism activates intradental sensoy nerves?

A

Hydrodynamic mechanism

24
Q

Dental Pulp

What are the outward dentinal fluid flow effects

Pulp to dentine

A
  • Cooling
  • Drying
  • Evaporattion
  • Hyerptonic solutions
  • Decreased hydrostatic pressure
25
Q

Dental Pulp

What are the inward dentinal fluid flow effects?

Dentine to Pulp

A
  • Heating
  • Mechanical
  • Increased hydrostatic pressure
26
Q

Dental Pulp

Which direction of dentinal fluid flow is more effective in acitvating the intradental nerves?

A

Outward (pulp to dentine)
- Rapid outward flow stretches the nerves

27
Q

Dental Pulp

Which stimuli acts directly on intradental nerves theefore bypassing the hydrodynamic mechanism?

A
  1. Intense heating/cooling
  2. Electrical current
  3. Pain-producing chemicals
28
Q

Dental Pulp

What is the blood supply to teeth?

A

Branches of maxillary artery

29
Q

Dental Pulp

Define pulpitis

A

Acute inflammation in dental pulp except the pulp does not swell

30
Q

Dental Pulp

What are the general functions of the pulp nerves?

A
  1. Mediate pain
  2. Control pulp BV
  3. Promote neurogenic inflammation
  4. Promote dentine formation
  5. Facilitae immune response
31
Q

Enamel

Which region is more susceptible to caries?

A

Interrod region

32
Q

Enamel

HA Crystallite general formula?

A

Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

33
Q

Enamel

Where are the HA crystallites larger?

A

Enamel

34
Q

Enamel

Describe Enamel Tufts

A

hypomineralised regions due to residual matrix protein at prism boundaries

35
Q

Enamel

Describe enamel lamellae

A

incomplete maturation of groups of prisms - ‘fault’ line extending through enamel thickness

36
Q

Enamel

Describe enamel spindles

A

Ondontoblast processes extending into enamel

37
Q

PDL

What are the main functions of the periodontium?

A
  1. Retain tooth in socket
  2. Resist masticatory loads
  3. defensive barrier
38
Q

PDL

What are the characteristics of Acellular cementum?

A
  • no cells
  • adjacent to dentine
  • primary cementum
  • extrinsic, contains sharpey fibres
39
Q

PDL

What are the characteristics of cellular cementum?

A
  • contains cementocytes
  • secondary
  • found in apical root and furcation regions
  • no sharpeys fibres, intrinsic
  • no role in tooth attachment
  • may represent transitional form
40
Q

PDL

What is the role of alveolar bone at PDL?

A
  • provides attachment for PDL fibres
  • supports teeth
41
Q

PDL

What makes up the ECM of PDL?

A
  • hyaluronate GAGs
  • Glycoproteins
  • Proteoglycans
42
Q

PDL

What is the function of the ECM in the PDL?

A

behave as viscoelastic gel

43
Q

PDL

What cells are found in the PDL?

A
  • Fibroblasts (main type)
  • cementoblast
  • osteoclast and cementoclast
  • epithelial cells
  • defence cells
44
Q

PDL

Which sensory nerves are within PDL and what are their functions?

A
  • Mechanoreceptors: chewing control (propioception)
  • Nociceptors: protective reflex, inhibit jaw elevator motor neurones
45
Q

PDL

Whats the function of the autonomic nerves in PDL?

A

Blood vessel control: vasoconstriction

46
Q

PDL

What is the blood supply to the PDL

A

inferior and superior alveolar arteries

47
Q

PDL

What is the Gingivae blood supply?

A

Lingual and palatine arteries

48
Q

PDL

What are true PDL fibres and name groups?

A

fibres connecting tooth to bone at/or apical to alveolar crest
Alveolo-Dental Ligament
- horozontal
- oblique
- apical
- alveolar crest
- interradicular (multirooted teeth)

Interdental Ligament Fibres
- Transeptal
- Interdental septum

49
Q

PDL

What is the ‘gingival ligament’ and name fibre groups

A

fibres mainly above alveolar crest, including free ‘gingival fibres’
- alveolo-gingival
- dento-gingival
- dento-periosteal
- circular

50
Q

PDL

What is the enamel cuticle?

A

deminieralised section, enamel removed

51
Q

PDL

What is crevicular epithelium?

A

covers crevice of free gingiva (not attached to enamel)

52
Q

PDL

What is the Junctional epithelium?

A

attached epithelium to the tooth

53
Q

PDL

What is interdental col?

A

no type of keratinisation

54
Q

PDL

What intrusive forces are the teeth subjected to?

A
  • mastication
  • swallowing
  • speech
  • parafunction eg. grinding, clenching

BDS2 Oral Biology (Inc. Head and Neck Anatomy) (2 decks)

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