oral and dental investigations

Question 1

State the dental formula of a puppy.
State the dental formula of a kitten.
State the dental formula of an adult dog.
State the dental formula of an adult cat.

Answer 1

dental formula of a puppy: 2 (I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/3) = 28
dental formula of a kitten: 2 (I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2) = 26
dental formula of an adult dog: 2 (I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 2/3) = 42
dental formula of an adult cat: 2 (I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1) = 30

Question 2

when do deciuous and permanememt teeth erupt?

Answer 2

Deciduous teeth – 3-6 weeks (cats 2-8weeks)
* toy dogs can be delayed
Permanent teeth - feline & canine, 3-6months

Question 3

using the triadan system lable the quadrants of this mouth

Answer 3

Question 4

lable this tooth

Answer 4

Question 5

what is the peridontium and what is the function?

Answer 5

4 parts:
* gingiva
* Alveolar bone
* cementum
* peridontal ligament

ATTACH
SUPPORT
PROTECT

Question 6

what is the gap between the gingiva and the tooth called what is the normal measurment of this?

Answer 6

Sulcus - 3mm on average
but on canine can be larger
in a cat can be 0.5-1mm

Question 7

what is are the dental tubules?

Answer 7

carry the blood vessels and nerves from the centre of the tooth to under the enamel

Question 8

what are the parts of the oral investigation?

Answer 8

Conscious
* History
* Conscious exam
* Extra-oral
* heart, chest, pulses, lnn, abd
* head & neck
* symmetry
* lymph nodes, salivary glands
* Intra-oral
* general oral view
* occlusion
* specifics
* ‘ticket to GA exam’ (EUA)
* Pre-operative testing

Anaesthetised:
* Oral exam
* chlorhexidine prep
* soft tissue check (Mucosae)
* debulk calculus (with hand scaler)
* Probe & chart
* Xray
* Biopsy

Question 9

what is the difference between a peridontal probe and an exploer probe?

Answer 9

peridontal probe for measurign the sulcus, the explorer probe is for the tooth surface probe (holes, crackes), not for soft tissue

Question 10

How is gingivitis scored?
what is gingivitis?

Answer 10

Gingivitis severity score G0-G3
– tendency to bleed when using a Periodontal probe

gingevitis: Gingival inflammation
* Erythema
* Swelling/ oedema
* Bleeding

Question 11

what is peridontitis?

Answer 11

happenes when nothing is done about gingivitis:
Loss of attchment of the peridontal ligament, scored via attachment loss pattern:
* Periodontal pocket (mm)
* Gingival recession (mm) ( from gingeva to cementoenamel junction CEJ)
* Furcation involvement (F0-F3) (1/3 of thinkness of tooth =1, all the way under tooth =3)
* Mobility (M0-M3) (M0=tiny movement, M1 -1mm, M2 = >1mm, M = loose)

Question 12

what are the key parts of oral biopsies?

Answer 12

• Wedge
• Sufficient size
• Adequate depth
• Avoid ulcerated / inflamed areas
• Label / orientate on dental chart (send with sample)
• Twin with radiography (send with sample)
• send to Oral pathologist (also send a photo)