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AU13 - Oral Anatomy > Oral Anatomy Final - Extraoral/Intraoral Exams and Anomalies > Flashcards

Oral Anatomy Final - Extraoral/Intraoral Exams and Anomalies Flashcards

questions taken from lecture powerpoints

1
Q

True or false: In general, gloves are worn for the extraoral exam.

A

FALSE. Gloves are not worn for the extraoral exam unless there is a cut or open sore on patient’s skin or operator’s hand.

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2
Q

What does “WNL” stand for?

A

Within Normal Limits

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3
Q

What is checked in an extraoral exam?

A
  • general appearance
  • head
  • skin
  • eyes
  • TMJ
  • neck
  • nodes
  • salivary glands
  • lips
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4
Q

What does “AWNN” stand for?

A

Apparently Well, Normally Nourished

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5
Q

What is evaluated when checking general appearance?

A

Look for abnormalities in: posture, gait, breathing, facial symmetry, swelling, nasal discharge

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6
Q

What is evaluated when checking skin?

A

Look for abnormalities in: color and lesions (if lesions, document location and size)

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7
Q

What is evaluated when checking eyes?

A

Look for abnormalities in:

  • sclera (should be white and clear)
  • conjunctiva (should not be red/irritated)
  • pupil (should not be excessively dilated or small)
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8
Q

How is the TMJ evaluated?

A

Palpate TMJ anterior to tragus and have patient slowly open and close. Note any deviations, deflections, or crepitus.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of an infectious/inflammatory lymph node?

A
  • soft to palpation
  • freely movable
  • painful
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a malignant lymph node?

A
  • firm to palpation
  • fixed
  • generally not tender or painful
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11
Q

What does “NPNT” stand for and when is it used?

A

Non-Palpable, Non-Tender

describes normal lymph nodes

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12
Q

What is checked in an intraoral exam?

A
  • mucosa (labial and buccal)
  • palate
  • tonsils/oropharynx
  • tongue
  • floor of mouth
  • salivary glands
  • alveolar processes
  • gingiva
  • teeth/occlusion
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13
Q

What are the four types of papillae on the tongue?

A

filiform, foliate, circumvallate, and fungiform

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14
Q

What are the top 3 most commonly missing adult teeth? (partial anodontia)

A
  1. third molars (especially maxillary)
  2. maxillary lateral incisors (1-2% of the population)
  3. mandibular second premolars (1%)
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15
Q

What is the most commonly missing primary teeth?

A

mandibular central incisors

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16
Q

On which dentition and in which arch is it more common for extra or supernumerary teeth to occur?

A

permanent dentition in the maxillary arch (90%)

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17
Q

What are the three common areas for extra or supernumerary teeth to occur?

A
  • maxillary incisor area
  • third molar area
  • mandibular premolar area
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18
Q

A small extra maxillary incisor is located on the midline between the 2 central incisors. What is this tooth called?

A

mesiodens

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19
Q

What are the 3 terms that can be used to describe an extra molar?

A

paramolar, distomolar, or fourth molar

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20
Q

If there is an extra mandibular premolar in the arch, is it more likely to erupt facial or lingual to the arch?

A

If it is not in the arch, an extra mandibular premolar is likely to erupt lingual to the arch.

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21
Q

If there is an extra mandibular canine in the arch, is it more likely to erupt facial or lingual to the arch?

A

If it is not in the arch, an extra mandibular canine is likely to erupt facial to the arch.

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22
Q

What tooth’s crown is the most variable?

A

third molars

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23
Q

What tooth is the most likely to be peg-shaped?

A

maxillary lateral incisors (peg-shaped maxillary central incisors are very rare)

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24
Q

Identify this anomaly.

One crown appears double in width with one root, one pulp chamber, and one canal.

A

gemination

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25
Q

Identify this anomaly.

One crown appears double in width with two roots, two pulp chambers, and two pulp canals.

A

fusion (two adjacent crowns fused); most common in primary anterior

26
Q

Identify this anomaly.

“screwdriver teeth” in which there is a notch missing

A

Hutchinson’s incisors (congenital syphilis)

27
Q

What disease are mulberry molars a result of?

A

syphilis

28
Q 
Identify this anomaly.
a third (middle) lingual cusp is present on mandibular molars
A

tuberculum intermedium

29
Q

Identify this anomaly.

an additional distal cusp is present on mandibular molars

A

tuberculum sextum

30
Q

Identify this anomaly.

similar to an extra lingual cusp; may have its own pulp horn

A

talon cusp

31
Q

Identify this anomaly and its two subtypes.
enlarged teeth:
-the entire dentition is enlarged
-only incisors and canines are enlarged

A

macrodontia

  • generalized (occurs in pituitary giants)
  • localized
32
Q

Identify this anomaly.

small teeth; only affects maxillary lateral incisors and third molars

A

microdontia

33
Q

Identify this anomaly.
common in those with American Indians, Asian, Mongoloid, and Eskimo heritage; appears as very prominent marginal ridges on maxillary incisors

A

shovel-shaped incisors

34
Q

Identify this anomaly.

severe bending of the root at the CEJ

A

dilaceration

35
Q

Identify this anomaly.

severe bending of the root at any level other than the CEJ

A

flexion

36
Q

Identify this anomaly.
often found near furcations; core of dentin with a cover of enamel; may cause problems because hinders periodontal attachment

A

enamel pearls

37
Q

Identify this anomaly.
affects molars; more common in Native Americans, Neanderthals, and Eskimos; has a very large pulp chamber with no constriction at the CEJ

A

taurodontia (“bull tooth”)

38
Q

Identify this anomaly.

during development of a tooth, there is an invagination of the enamel

A

dens in dente (“tooth within a tooth”)

39
Q

Identify this anomaly.

thickening of the cementum due to trauma or metabolic dysfunction; may cause webbed root

A

hypercementosis

40
Q

Identify this anomaly.

joining of cementum of adjacent teeth after eruption; usually occurs in third molar area

A

concrescence of roots

41
Q

Identify this anomaly.

very short roots; common in central incisors; usually hereditary or due to early orthodontic movement

A

dwarfed roots

42
Q

Which secondary teeth commonly have accessory (extra) roots?

A
  • third molars
  • mandibular first and second molars
  • mandibular canine and premolar (so that it would have facial and lingual root)
  • maxillary first premolar (so it may have 3 roots)
43
Q

What is the most common primary tooth to have accessory roots? (but this is still very rare)

A

primary maxillary canine

44
Q

What two teeth are most commonly impacted?

A

third molars and maxillary canines

45
Q

What is the difference between transposition and transmigration?

A

Transposition is when a tooth switches spots with another tooth.
Transmigration is when a tooth moves into the wrong spot.

46
Q

Identify this anomaly.

a tooth erupts somewhere other than the arch (like the nose, for example)

A

ectopic

47
Q

Identify this anomaly.

failure to complete eruption due to trauma or infection; loss of periodontal ligament; root is fused to the bone

A

ankylosis

48
Q

Identify this anomaly.

abnormal enamel formation

A

enamel dysplasia

49
Q

Identify this anomaly.
faulty formation of enamel; hereditary; total or partial loss of enamel; affects both primary and secondary dentition; dentin is exposed so prone to decay

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

50
Q

Identify this anomaly.
due to too much fluoride during tooth formation; mild form will only have mottled enamel while more severe form has pitted enamel; teeth are strong and will not decay

A

fluorosis

51
Q

Identify this anomaly.

pitted enamel due to an infection/disease while the teeth were developing

A

enamel damage due to high fever

52
Q

Identify this anomaly.

seen as hypocalcification or a yellow spot on tooth; from local trauma or infection like an abscess on primary tooth

A

focal hypermaturation (Turner’s tooth)

53
Q

Identify this anomaly.

abnormal dentin formation

A

dentin dysplasia

54
Q

Identify this anomaly.
faulty dentin formation; hereditary; affects primary and secondary dentition; teeth are grayish-blue in color and opalescent; no pulp chamber or pulp canal; teeth chip easily because enamel is brittle

A

dentinogenesis imperfecta

55
Q

Identify this anomaly.

teeth appear green in color; blockage in the gall bladder and the bile accumulates

A

biliary atrisia

56
Q

Identify this anomaly.
affects the teeth that were forming while the patient was taking drug; if pregnant while taking drug, baby’s primary dentition may be affected

A

tetracycline stain

57
Q

What are the 4 reactions to injury after eruption?

A
  • attrition
  • abrasion
  • abfraction
  • erosion
58
Q

Define attrition.

A

wear of enamel and dentin due to opposing tooth contact

59
Q

Define abrasion.

A

wear of tooth structure by mechanical means like a tooth brush, tooth pick, chewing tobacco, etc.

60
Q

Define abfraction.

A

bending of tooth due to heavy occlusion with enamel chipping off at cervical

61
Q

Define erosion.

A

wear of tooth structure due to chemical agents like citric acids, carbonated beverages, and vomit

62
Q

What is bruxism?

A
  • normally teeth are in contact 20 min/day during mastication with a load of 20-40 pounds
  • patients with bruxism have 40 min/hr contact during the night with a load of 250 pounds

AU13 - Oral Anatomy (4 decks)

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