Option E - Neurology & Behaviour Flashcards
Define Stimulus
A change in the environment (internal/external) that is detected by a receptor a elicits a response.
Define Response
Change in organism produced by stimulus
Define Reflex
Rapid, unconscious response to a stimulus
Explain the role of _______ in the response to stimuli.
- Receptors
- Neurones
- Relay Neurones
- Motor Neurones
- Synapse
- Effectors
- Receptors : Detect stimulus; sensory cells or nerve endings of seonsory neurones
- Sensory Neurons : Carry impulse from receptor to CNS (Brain + Spinal Cord)
- Relay neurons : Receive message across synapses from sensory neuron and pass message to motor n., which causes an appropriate response.
- Motor Neurons : Receive messages across synapses from relay neuron and carry to effector
- Synapse : Junctions between two nerve cells and transmission of a signal across these junctions require chemical neurotransmitters
- Effectors : Carry out response after receiving message from m.neuron;
muscles => contracting, glands => secreting
Draw and label a diagram of a reflex arc for a pain withdrawal reflex
Should Include:
- Spinal Cord
- Spinal Nerves
- Receptor Cell
- Sensory Neuron
- Relay Neuron
- Motor Neuron
- Effector
A. White Matter
B. Grey Matter
C. Ventral Root
D. Dorsal Root
Explain how animal responses can be affected by natural selection, using two examples.
**1) Migration in Sylvia Atricopilla (Blackcap) **
Normal FAP: Chickcs migate SW to Spain to avoid harsh winters
Altered Behaviour: Some migrate NW to UK because birdfeeders provide easy source of food
Advantage: Shorter flight + food source => Faster return to Germany. Increase repdoctive Success
**2) Timing of breeding in Parus major (Great tit) **
Normal FAP: Breed in spring/early summer (Europe)
Time of egg laying is genetically deyermined.
Use day length determine time of year.
Study: Mean date becoming earlier
Breed earlier = Increase reproductive success since Open leaves/trees/
Increase Biomass = invertebrates = food
