Option C: Web Science Flashcards
Internet
An interconnected set of networks and computers that permits the transfer of data governed by protocols like TCP/IP.
Acts as the physical medium for services such as the World Wide Web.
WWW (World Wide Web)
A set of hypertext-linked resources identified as URIs that are transferred between a client and a server via the Internet.
Provides a mechanism to share information.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
The protocol used to transfer and exchange hypermedia.
It permits the transfer of data over a network.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
a protocol for secure communication over a computer network.
consists of communication over HTTP within a connection encrypted by SSL or TLS, which ensures authentication of website using digital certificates, integrity and confidentiality through encryption of communication.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
a semantic markup language that is the standard language used for web pages
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it
A URL is a specific type of URI
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
A way of writing data in a tree-structured form by enclosing it in tags. It is human readable AND machine readable and it is used for representation of arbitrary data structures.
XSLT (Extensible stylesheet language)
Styling language for XML. It is used for transforming XML documents into other XML documents or other formats such as HTML for web pages, plain text or XSL Formatting Objects, which may subsequently be converted to other formats, such as PDF, PostScript and PNG.
JavaScript
An object-oriented computer programming language commonly used to create interactive effects within web browsers.
CSS (cascading style sheet)
contain hierarchical information about how the content of a web page will be rendered in a browser.
URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)
specifies how to access a resource on the Internet. more general than a URL
Describe how a domain name server functions
(steps)
- User type the domain name into the URL search area on the web browser and press “Enter” on the keyboard.
- The domain name is intercepted by a “Domain Name Server” or DNS.
- The DNS server that the user’s system is configured to (primary DNS) checks through its own database to see if the domain name is there.
- If it isn’t the name is passed on to the next DNS server in the hierarchy.
- This continues until the domain name is found or the top level / authoritative DNS server is reached.
- When the IP address is found it is sent back to the original DNS server.
- If the IP address is not found, an error message is returned
IP (Internet Protocol)
A part of TCP/IP protocol suite and the main delivery system for information over the Internet. IP also defines the format of a packet.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
A data transport protocol that includes mechanisms for reliably transmitting packets to a destination.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
A TCP-based network to pass files from host to host. Files can also be manipulated/modified remotely. control information (log-ins) are sent separately from the main file differing FTP from HTTP.
< head >
not visible on a page, but contains important information about it in form of metadata
< title >
inside head, displayed in tab of the web page.
< meta > tags
various type of meta tags, gives search engines information about the page, but are also used for other purposes, such as to specify the charset used.
< body >
The main part of the page document. This is where all the visible content goes in.
navigation bar
a set of hyperlinks that give users a way to display the different pages in a website
hyperlinks
“Hot spots” or “jumps” to locate another file or page; represented by a graphic or colored and underlined text.
table of contents
An ordered list of the topics in a document, along with the page numbers on which they are found. Usually located at the beginning of a long document. normally in a sidebar.
continuation
area of the web page preventing the sidebar to extend to the bottom of the web page.
protocols
A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.