Option A: Freshwater - Part 4: Management Flashcards
River Nile, Aswam Dam in Egypt Case Study
Advantages: 500 mill dollar value per year. Flood and drought control, allow good crops in dry years 60% for irrigation 4 square km of desert irrigated. HEP: 7 mill kilowatt hours per year Recreation and tourism
Disadvantages: Water losses Salinization 100k displaced Seismic stress Channel erosion Nile delta erosion
Integrated drainage basin management
Water supply Water quality River channels Flood control Agricultural, industrial, recreational, energy, ecosystem needs.
America’s Great Watershed Initiative
Increase availability and quality of water for future gens.
Reduce flooding and risk.
Government, academics, businesses work to solve challenges.
Wetlands
Land with permanently flooded soils.
Benefits:
Water storage, aquifer recharge, storm protection, flood mitigation, erosion control, retention of carbon, nutrients, pollutants.
Clean water, tourism, timber.
The Ramsar Convention
Treaty for int. cooperation to conserve wetlands. Signed by 60 countries.
- Designate wetlands of importance
- Maintain ecological character of important sites
- Organize to achieve wise use
- Make wetlands nature reserves
What causes loss of wetland habitat
Sea-level rise Drought Storms Erosion Dam construction Mining for peat Destroyed, altered, drained and removed for agriculture, settlements, transport, industry.
Community water management
Water saving - shorter showers, low flow rate taps, fixing dripping taps.
Customer pricing -
Domestic water consumption measured + charge customers for amount used.
Nanotechnology infiltration removes microbes and bacteria using silver ions. Reducing water costs.
Water purification and desalination of seawater.
Zoning - areas that are protected to safeguard water quality and allow aquifers to recharge.
Rainwater harvesting in to conserve moisture in the root zone of crop soil.
