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PDH > Option 3- Sports Med > Flashcards

Option 3- Sports Med Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of an injury?

A
  • indirect injuries
  • direct injuries
    -overuse injuries
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2
Q

What is referred to by the type of injury?

A
  • soft tissue injuries
  • hard tissue injuries
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3
Q

What is a direct injury? Provide an example.

A
  • caused by forces generated outside of the body
    Examples include:
    • shoulder dislocations caused by a tackle in football
    • fractures
    • sprains
    • bruises
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4
Q

What is an indirect injury?

A

-caused by force within the body, due to inadequate warm-up or exessive movement in the execution of a skill.

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5
Q

What’s an example of indirect injury?

A
  • falling on your arm
    -dislocating your shoulder
    -rolling your ankle causing a sprain
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6
Q

Define overuse injuries

A

Injuries that result from intense or unreasonable use of joints or body areas.

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7
Q

What are overuse injuries provoked by?

A

repetitive, low impact exercises such as jogging or stepping

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8
Q

What are 2 examples of overuse injuries?

A
  • Anterior shin splints (irritation to the front portion of shinbones)
  • Tendonitis (irritation of tendon e.g. Achilles tendon in the heel)
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9
Q

Define soft tissue injury.

A

include damage to muscles, tendons, blood vessels, ligaments, organs, cartilage, and nerves.

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10
Q

What’s an example of a soft tissue injury?

A
  • acute (occurring suddenly) → sprains, strains, dislocations, torn cartilage, contusions, abrasions
  • chronic (prolonged) → tears and contusions
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11
Q

Define hard tissue injury

A

damage to bones and teeth and is more serious than soft tissue injuries

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12
Q

What’s an example of a hard tissue injury?

A
  • dislodging a tooth or fracturing a bone
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13
Q

What’s a tear?

A

occurs when tissue is excessively stretched or severed

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14
Q

Define the ‘sprain’

A

arise from the stretching or tearing of a ligament (bone-to-bone connection). They happen when ligaments are stretched or torn, resulting in pain or swelling and the inability to perform normal joint movements.

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15
Q

Define ‘strain’

A

occur when a muscle or tendon (muscle to bone) is stretched or torn, causing pain and bleeding or discolouration around the injury.

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16
Q

Define “contusion”

A

caused by impact with a player or object.
- some remain close to the skin and some penetrate deeply causing bruising to the bone

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17
Q

Identify symptoms of stage 1 of the inflammatory response.

A
  • Pain, redness, and swelling around the injured area
  • Loss of function and mobility
  • Damage to cells and surrounding tissue
  • Increased blood flow
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18
Q

What happens during stage 2 of the inflammatory response?

A
  • Elimination of debris
  • The formation of new fibres ( strengthens ligaments)
  • Production of scar tissue (by-product)
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19
Q

What does the remodelling stage include?

A
  • Increased production of scar tissue
  • Replacement tissue needs to be strengthened and developed in the direction that the force is applied. The type of remodelling varies according to the timing/ degree of mobilisation of injury.
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20
Q

What’s an abrasion?

A

Type of wound where the first layer of skin is scraped or rubbed off. This can occur in games such as netball of tennis where the player falls on a dry hard surface

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21
Q

How is an abrasion treated?

A
  • Cleaning or sterilisation
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22
Q

What’s a laceration?

A

Wound where the flesh has incurred in an irregular tear

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23
Q

How is a laceration managed?

A

Cleaning area with antiseptic soap and then applying a dried and sterile gauze pad to the area

24
Q

Define a blister

A

They are caused by a collection of fluid below or within the surface layer of the skin giving rise to intense pain. They contain clear liquid or even blood is a blood vessel has been ruptured.

25
How should a blister be treated?
- Requires rest for 24 hours, when the symptoms may disappear. - Torn blisters require soap, warm water and liquid antiseptic to be applied
26
What does the RICER method do?
RICER ensures that the injury heals correctly and in the shortest period of time.
27
What does RICER stand for?
Rest Ice Compression Elevation Refferal
28
What are the two types of fractures? Define.
- Simple (close) fracture → bone breaks under the skin - Compound (open) fracture → bone breaks and protrudes the skin
29
How can fractures be managed?
-Use of DRSABCD - Controlling bleeding - Treating shock - Use of splint/ bandage to immobilise the area - Immediate medical assistance
30
What is a dislocation?
Occurs when the bone comes out f the joint and remains out until physically reinserted.
31
Define TOTAPS
Talk Observe Touch Active movement Passive movement Skills test
32
What are the stages of rehabilitation procedures?
- progressive mobilisation - graduated exercise (stretching, conditioning, total body fitness) - training - use of heat and cold
33
What is progressive mobilisation?
- restoring full range of movement to the injured area gradullay through active and passive movement. - increase ROM of the injured joint
34
What is stretching?
ensures that the injured areas heal without scarring - through controlled static and PNF stretching to promote the elasticity of scar tissue
35
What is conditioning?
adapt the body to a range of agility, strength and power skills, such as running, hitting and kicking to ensure the injured area functions fully
36
What principles can be used in conditioning? Why?
Using principles of progressive overload and specificity allows the muscles to be strengthened gradually
37
Define total body fitness.
Regaining the level of mental and physical fitness reached by the athlete before the injury occurred.
38
What are the benefits of total body fitness
- Allows athletes to return to play without losing required sport-specific skills - Prevents reversibility
39
Explain the rehabilitation procedure of training.
- promotes movement of specific coordination and skills.
40
When should athletes return to play?
when they are pain-free and have full range of mobility in the injured area
41
What are the needs of an athlete when in the training phase?
- Players may be unable to perform certain movement patterns → appropriate to minimise certain movements such as high-impact activities. - Players also need additional warm-up time
42
What does cold (cryotherapy) do? How long should it be applied?
can be applied for anything up to 4 days following the injury and may be required to reduce inflammation.
43
How can cryotherapy be applied?
- Ice massage (rubbed for around 15min on the injured area) - Ice water immersion (whole body/body part injured submerged) - Vapocoolant spray
44
When should heat therapy be applied? For how long should it be used?
used for 2-3 days after injury, depending on injury type and extent, when internal bleeding has stopped
45
Why is thermotherapy used?
- Increase the elasticity to new fibres during the stretching process - Reduce pain - Reduce stiffness - Increase blood flow - Reduce inflammation
46
Name the elements of return to play.
-indicators of readiness - monitoring progress - psychological readiness - specific warm-up procedures - return to play policies and procedures [ethical considerations]
47
What are some indicators that an athlete is ready to return to play?
Elasticity → new tissue stretched to promote lengthways elasticity and flexibility Strength → new tissue is strong and able to support the body in stressful movements Mobility → athlete has gained full movement and agility Pain-free → injury is pain-free during both light and strenuous work Balance → able to balance their body on the injured limb
48
How can an athlete's progress be monitored?
- Visual observations - Interviews and discussions with the athlete - Ongoing testing - Observations of video footage of the athlete - Use of performance evaluation sheets
49
Why are psychological readiness tests important?
An injury can impact an athlete's psychological wellbeing. Therefore tests help gage: - athletes confidence levels - the athletes thoughts and feelings
50
Why should the anxiety levels of an athlete be monitored?
to ensure the athlete is not feeling pressure to return to play before fully ready - Taping the injury can provide physical support to the injury and reassurance to the mind
51
Why do specific warm-up procedures have an important role in return-to-play procedures?
It ensures adequate flexibility, blood flow and readiness to perform/ body able to cope with stress of the game.
52
What's the protocol for an athlete to return to play?
- Consultation - Review of x-rays - Discussion regarding the use of strapping/ bracing - Assessment of specific test results - Participation in a range of sport-specific movements (skills test)
53
Why might some players resume sports while still injured?
- Financial needs - Contractual agreements - Social awards - Intrinsic motivation - Feelings of indispensability or fear of letting people down
54
1. How are players pressured to participate? What is used? 2. Why is the pressure to participate risky?
1. heavily strapped or given indictors to prevent pain from pressure to injury 2. unwise and dangerous. Pain indicates tissue damage and a warning hat further rehab is necessary.
55
How does the use of painkillers impact a player's return to play and future career?
stopping an athlete from feeling pain will cause greater injury as they can't identify which movement is causing pain (can't modify movement) OR reduces awareness of injury.
56
What are the implications of not using RICER?
* injury takes longer to repair and has less strength and flexibility.
57
Why can taping an injury help the psychological readiness of an athlete?
taping helps the athlete feel secure in the injury and have confidence that a reinjury won't occur.

PDH (1 decks)

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