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Grade 10 Science > Optics Unit 2 > Flashcards

Optics Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define: Additive Colour Theory

A

states that white light is composed of the different colours of visible light. White light is produced by combining the primary colours of light: red, green and blue

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2
Q

Define: Amplitude

A

the lowest point in a wave of light

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3
Q

Define: Bio-luminescence

A

the ability if a plant or animal to produce light (created by a chemical reaction or naturally carried)

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4
Q

Define: Chemiluminescence

A

light that is produced through a chemical reaction without rising the temperature

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5
Q

Define: Crest

A

the highest point in a wave

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6
Q

Define: Diffuse Reflection

A

a reflection off an object with an uneven surface so the rays of light are reflected in many different angles

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7
Q

Define: Electroluminescence

A

producing light by passing electricity through a gas (AKA Electric Discharge)

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8
Q

Define: Radiation

A

energy travelling in the form of waves

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9
Q

Define: Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

the spectrum of the different types of light rays and the amount of energy they carry

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10
Q

Define: Fluorescent

A

the immediate emission of visible light as a result of the absorption of U.V. light

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11
Q

Define: Frequency

A

the rate of repetition of a wave

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12
Q

Define: Dispertion

A

the refraction of white light into all colours

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13
Q

Define: Electromagnetic Radiation

A

is a radiation where a wave pattern made of electric and magnetic fields travel through empty space

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14
Q

Define:Gamma Rays

A

they are the light waves with the highest frequency therefore they are the most dangerous to humans because they carry the most amount of energy

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15
Q

Define:Incandescent

A

when a substance gives off light because it is very hot. This type of light is very inefficent becuase it only puts 5% of its energy into light and 95% into heat

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16
Q

Define: Infared Waves

A

are waves with wave lengths just shorter than visible light and they are often used for short-range communication

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17
Q

Define:Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

A

an electroluminescent light source made of a semi-conductor (a material that can be made to change how well it conducts electricity). LED’s are very efficent and rugged and can be found in electronic billboards, traffic lights, and hand-held displays

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18
Q

Define: Liquid Crystal Display

A

is a white light that is shone behind a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal changes colour by having a filter in front of it and changing how much electricity passes through and creates pixels.

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19
Q

Define: Microwaves

A

They are waves of light with a slightly longer wave length than radio waves and are used to heat up food (in a microwave oven).

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20
Q

Define: Opaque

A

A material that no light can pass through, so all light is absorbed and therefore you cannot see through it.

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21
Q

Define: Phosphorescence

A

producing light through the absorption of UV light resulting in the emission of visible light over an extended period of time. Ex. glow in the dark stars

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22
Q

Define: Radio Waves

A

they have the longest wave length and are used for long-distance communications

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23
Q

Define: Ray Model of Light

A

a diagram used to predict how light will react when it is either absorbed, reflected or transmitted through a surface

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24
Q

Define: Reflect

A

a throw-back of light off a surface without absorbing the light

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25
Q

Define: Subtractive Colour Theory

A

A colour theory that applies to pigments which states that the colours are absorbed or “subtracted” from the reflected light that is seen by the eye,therefore we do not see them. Black objects will absorb all colours and white light will reflect all colours

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26
Q

Define: Translucent

A

A surface where some light can get through it and some cannot, therefore the image that is formed from the light that can get through is blurry or fuzzy

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27
Q

Define: Transparent

A

A surface that allows all light to pass through and therefore allows for a clear image to be created

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28
Q

Define: Triboluminescence

A

the production of light as a result of crushing or colliding certain crystals. Ex. wintergreen mints

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29
Q

Define: Trough

A

the lowest point in a wave

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30
Q

Define: Ultra Violet Rays

A

are waves that are slightly shorter than visible light so we cannot see them

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31
Q

Define:Visible Spectrum

A

Refers to the colours of light that can be seen with the naked eye. This consists of Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet (Roy G. Biv)

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32
Q

Define: Wave

A

A disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter

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33
Q

Define: Wave Model of Light

A

A way of showing how light travels in waves and how light can react when it collides with something

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34
Q

Define: Wave Length

A

The distance from one point in a wave to the next similar point in the wave

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35
Q

Define: X-ray

A

A type of light wave that is longer than UV rays and are most commonly used to take pictures of bones

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36
Q

Define: Magnification

A

the amount that an image is larger or smaller by. Magnification= image height/object height or image distance/object distance

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37
Q

Define: Medium

A

any substance that light travels through. It is plural for Media

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38
Q

Define: Normal

A

a solid or dashed line drawn perpindicular to a mirror at the point of reflection

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39
Q

Define: Optical Device

A

a device that produces or controls light

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40
Q

Define:Optical Fiber

A

a very thin glass fiber which light can be refracted through

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41
Q

Define: Plane Mirror

A

Any mirror that has a flat reflective surface

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42
Q

Define: Real Image

A

An image formed where light rays actually cross

43
Q

Define: Refraction

A

The change in direction of light when it crosses a boundary between two media

44
Q

Define: Snell’s Law

A

a formula that uses values for the index of refraction to calculate the new angles that a ray will take

45
Q

Define: Thin Lens

A

any lens that has a thickness that is slight compared to its focal length

46
Q

Define: Vertex

A

where the normal and the mirror meet in a ray diagram

47
Q

Define: Virtual Image

A

any image formed by rays tha do not actually pass through the location of the image

48
Q

Define: Angle of Incidence

A

The angle between the incident ray and the normal

49
Q

Define: Angle of Reflection

A

the angle between the reflected ray and the normal

50
Q

Define: Angle of Refraction

A

the angle between the refracted ray and the normal

51
Q

Define: Axis of Symmetry

A

the dashed line dividing a lens in 2

52
Q

Define: Concave Lens

A

a lens where the middle is thinner then the ends. AKA a diverging lens

53
Q

Define: Concave Mirror

A

a mirror where the edges are ahead of the center (sattelite dish shaped) AKA Converging mirror

54
Q

Define: Convex Lens

A

a lens where the ends are wider then the middle. AKA Converging lens

55
Q

Define: Convex Mirror

A

a mirror where the middle is ahead of the edges or it bulges. AKA Diverging mirror

56
Q

Define: Dispersion

A

the seperation of white light into all colours

57
Q

Define: Focal Length

A

the length from the mirror to the focal point

58
Q

Define: Focal Point

A

the central point of focus

59
Q

Define: Image

A

a reproduction of an object produced by an optical device like a mirror

60
Q

Define: Incident Ray

A

the incoming light ray

61
Q

Define: Index of Refraction

A

the amount by which a transparent medium decreases the speed of light

62
Q

Define: Law of Reflection

A

states that when lightreflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection

63
Q

Define: Lens

A

The part of the eye that changes shape so that the eye can focus on objects near and far

64
Q

Define: Pupil

A

the hole in your eye that allows light into your eye. The size of the pupil is changed by the iris to control the amount of incoming light

65
Q

Define: Iris

A

the muscle around th epupil that changes the size of te pupil to allow for more or less light

66
Q

Define: Cornea

A

the transparent front part of the eyeball that bends light

67
Q

Define: Cillary Muscle

A

muscles that push and pull the lens to focus it by making it thiner or thicker

68
Q

Define: Viterous Humour

A

the clear, thick fluid that fills the inside of your eye.

69
Q

Define: Optic Nerve

A

the nerve that sends all signals received by the retina to the brain

70
Q

Define: Blind Spot

A

the spot where our retina connects to the optic nerve. This means that there is no retina covering this spot therefore there is no image can be seen there

71
Q

Define: Retina

A

membrane on the back of the eye containing rod and cone cells which capture images and send them to the brain

72
Q

Define: Rod Cells

A

located in the retina and they are sensitive to shades of grey and lowlights so they help us see in the dark

73
Q

Define: Cone Cells

A

located on the retina and they are sensitive to bright light and colours so they help us see colour

74
Q

Define: Far-sightedness

A

problems seeing things close up

75
Q

Define: Near-sightedness

A

problem seeing things far away

76
Q

Define: Astigmatism

A

a condition where the cornea has an irregular shape which results in vision problems

77
Q

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum from shortest wave length to longest?

A
  1. radio waves
  2. microwaves
  3. infrared radiation
  4. visible light
  5. ultra violet
  6. x-rays
  7. gamma rays
78
Q

What is Additive Colour Theory?

A
  • states that white light is composed of different colours of visible light
  • white light can be produced by combining 3 colours: red, green and blue (the primary colours of additive colour theory)
  • by combining any 2 primary colours, you can create one of the secondary colours: magenta, yellow and cyan
  • this applies to mixing different lights together
79
Q

What is subtractive colour theory?

A
  • it applies to pigments
  • coloured matter selectively absorbs different wavelengths (colours) of light
  • the colours are absorbed or “subtracted” from the reflected light that is seen by the eye
  • black objects absorb all colours
  • white light reflects all colours
  • subtractive colour theory is the opposite of additive colour theory:
  • the primary colours are magenta, yellow and cyan
  • by combining 2 primary colours, you can get the secondary colours: red, blue and green
80
Q

What is red made of?

A

magenta and yellow

81
Q

What is blue made of?

A

magenta and cyan

82
Q

What is Green made of?

A

yellow and cyan

83
Q

What is magenta made of?

A

red and blue

84
Q

What is yellow made of?

A

red and green

85
Q

What is cyan made of?

A

blue and green

86
Q

What is luminescence and what are the types of luminescence?

A

Luminescence is the emission of light by a material or object wihtout using heat or electricity. They inclue:
phosphorescence, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, and triboluminescence

87
Q

How do fluorescent light bulbs work?

A
  • they use both gas discharge and fluorescence to create light
  • the white powder coating in the bulb fluoresces to make the light more white. They are more efficient than incandescent light bulbs becasuse they convert 20% of their energy into light and 80% into heat.
88
Q

How does light move?

A
  • it travels in a straight line unless it is changed by the substance it is moving through or if it hits something
  • when light is released, it travles out from the source in all directions
89
Q

What are the 3 things light can do when it hits something?

A
  1. Be Transmitted
  2. Be Reflected
  3. Be Absorbed
90
Q

What are the 3 properties an object can be if light is transmitted through it?

A
  1. Transparent
  2. Translucent
  3. Opaque
91
Q

What are the steps to draw a ray diagram for a concave mirror?

A
  1. draw a line parallel to the normal from the top of the object to the mirror
  2. continue the line in the opposite direction towards the foacl point
  3. draw your second line from the top of the object through the focal point until it hits the mirror *if you cannot go through the focal point, go to the vertex and duplcate the angle
  4. continue the line in the opposite direction, parallel to the normal
  5. draw your image from the normal to where the rays cross
92
Q

What are the steps to draw a ray diagram for a convex mirror?

A
  1. draw a line from the top of the object to the mirror parallel to the normal
  2. continue the line out as if it were coming from the focal point
  3. draw your next line from the top of the obect to the focal point until it hits the mirror
  4. continue the line parallel to the normal on both sides of the mirror
  5. draw your image from the normal to where the lines cross from behind the mirror
93
Q

What are the steps to draw a ray diagram for a concave lens?

A
  1. draw a line parallel to the normal unitl the axis of symmetry. Then continue the line through the focal point on the other side
  2. draw another line straight through the vertex
  3. draw the last line through the focal to the axis of symmetry then continue in the same direction going parallel to the normal if you cannot go through the focal point, do not draw this line
  4. draw the image where all lines intersect
94
Q

What are the steps to draw a ray diagram for a convex lens?

A
  1. Draw a line parallel to the normal to the axis of symmetry then continue it away from F’ as if it is coming from F
  2. draw the next line straight through the vertex
  3. draw the image where the lines intersect (this should be on the same side as the object)
95
Q

What is the formula for magnification?

A

Magnification= image height / object height or image distance / object distance

96
Q

What is the formula for index of refraction?

A

I.O.R= sped of light in a vacuum / speed of light in medium or n=c/v

97
Q

What is the equation for snell’s law?

A

n1sin(theta)1=n2sin(theta)2

98
Q

How do you use snell’s law if you are looking for an n value?

A
  1. use the formula n=n2sintheta2/sintheta1
  2. substitute your values and solve
    * your sin theta that is missing the value is always on the bottom of the equation*
99
Q

How do you use Snell’s law if you are looking for an angle?

A
  1. use the formula sing theta1= n2sin theta2/n1
  2. substitute your values and solve
  3. use the inverse of sin (sin to the -1) with your answer ti get your final answer
100
Q

What are the rules for a thin lens?

A
  • focal point if it is a concave lens
    + focal point if it is a convex lens
  • image distance for a virtual image
    + image distance for a real image
101
Q

What is the thin lens equation to find the focal point?

A

1/f=1/do+1/di

102
Q

What is the thin lens equation to find the object distance?

A

1/do=1/f-1/di

103
Q

What is the thin lens equation to find the image distance?

A

1/di=1/f-1/do

104
Q

What is the range of visible colours from longest to shortest wavelength?

A 
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green 
Blue
Indigo
Violet 
or Roy G. Biv

Grade 10 Science (5 decks)

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