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OPH 114 Optics > OPTICS AND THE THEORY OF LIGHT > Flashcards

OPTICS AND THE THEORY OF LIGHT Flashcards

REFRACTION AND REFLECTION

1
Q

One billionth of a meter is called a

A

Nanometer

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2
Q

*****The speed at which waves travel is called

A

Velocity

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3
Q

The color in the visible spectrum with the shortest wavelength is

A

Violet

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4
Q

he separation of white light into its spectral components is

A

Dispersion

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5
Q

n reflection, the angle of incidence is equal to

A

The incident ray

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6
Q

What is the difference between specular and diffuse reflection

A

Specular reflection is a clear sharp imagine and Diffusion reflection the light

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7
Q

What is the formula for the index of refraction

A

Index of refraction = Speed of light in Vacuum (air)

Speed of light in substance

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8
Q

What does the index of refraction tell you

A

It tells us the amount by which light slows down in a given medium

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9
Q

What is the formula for Snell’s Law

A

N1 Sin 01= N2 Sin 02

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10
Q

9) Draw a diagram of refraction. Please include and label the incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal. Depending on whether or not your refracted ray bends towards or away from the normal (that’s up to you), label which medium has the higher n value.

A

see notes

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11
Q

The study of optics can be divided into 3 parts

A

Physical Geometric Physiologic

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12
Q

****Physical optics

A

is primarily concerned with the nature and properties of light itself

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13
Q

****Geometric optics

A

is the branch of optics in which the laws of geometry can be used to design lenses that include spectacles (glasses), optical instruments, telescopes, microscopes, cameras, etc.

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14
Q

****Physiologic optics

A

deals with the mechanism of vision and the physiology and psychology of seeing

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15
Q

****There are 2 main theories about the nature of light

A

Wave Theory and Corpuscular theory

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16
Q

Wave Theory

A

Light is wavelike and spreads like ripples across a still pods

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17
Q

Corpuscular Theory

A

Light is composed of tiny particles, like water droplets shooting out of a hose

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18
Q

****Wavelength

A

Crest to crest or trough to through

The wavelength of a given wave is the distance from the crest (peak) of one wave to the crest of the next (or trough to trough)

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19
Q

****Frequency

A

is the number of wavelengths passing a given point in 1 second.

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20
Q

*****Formula of Velocity

A

V = F x Wavelength

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21
Q

The products of Frequency

A

The product of the frequency and wavelength is equal to the velocity (or speed) of light.


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22
Q

What the speed of light?

Whats the figured?

A

The speed of light in a vacuum is 186,262 miles per second or 3.00 x 10^8 meters per second.


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23
Q

****Speed of light in a vacuum

What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

A

186,262

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24
Q

Red light has the longest or Shortest Wavelength?

A

LONGEST Wavelength

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25
Q

****Violet has the?

A

SHORTEST wavelength

26
Q

**** Longest to shortest wavelength ROY G. BIV

A

Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

27
Q

****(low energy)
which one has

(high energy) which one has

A

Red 650-750 nm (low energy)
Orange 590-650 nm
Yellow 560-590 nm
Green 500-560 nm
Blue 470-500 nm
Violet 380-470 nm (high energy)

28
Q

****Medium

A

is any substance that light can pass through, such as gas, liquid, and glass

29
Q

Bending Light

A

If light rays pass through a medium obliquely at an angle, they will be bent a little at the surface/interface of the two mediums. This bending of light is called refraction. The use of lenses to help people see better is based on laws of refraction.

30
Q

****Direction of light ray Perpendicular

Light rays passing perpendicularly through a medium?

A

`If light rays pass through a medium perpendicularly, the speed of the rays will be altered but the rays will emerge along the same line on which they entered the medium.

31
Q

****Normal

A

an imaginary line that is perpendicular to the surface of a medium

32
Q

****Incident Ray

A

a ray of light entering a medium


33
Q

****Emergent Ray ( refracted ray)

A

the same light ray emerging from the medium

34
Q

****Angle of Incidence (i)

A

the angle that the incident ray makes with the normal, which is perpendicular to the surface of the medium


35
Q

****Angle of refraction (r)

A

the angle the ray makes within the medium by its change of direction, or the angle that the refracted ray makes with the normal


36
Q

****Reflection

A

Light rays can also be reflected upon hitting the surface of a medium. Reflection is light that is rebounded (bounces back) from a surface and thus changes direction

37
Q

****Reflected ray/ Emergent ray?

A

the ray of light that is rebounded from the surface of a medium


38
Q

****Angle of Reflection

A

The angle that the reflected ray makes with the normal

39
Q

****Law of reflection

A

When light strikes a reflective surface, it will be reflected at an angle equal to the angle of the incoming light. In other words, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

40
Q

*****Specular Reflection

A

Light reflected from a smooth surface produces a clear image and is cal

41
Q

****Diffuse reflection

A

If the surface is irregular, light is reflected at many different angles and the image is disrupted/matte. This is diffuse reflection.

42
Q

****medium’s index of refraction

A

The ability of a medium to refract a ray of light is related to the speed that light travels through that particular medium. This is referred to as a medium’s index of refraction. This index is a comparison of the speed of light through a given medium to its speed through a vacuum. It is essentially a quantitative expression of the optical density of a medium.

43
Q

****Index of refraction

A

speed of light in vacuum (air)_
 _______________ speed of light in substance


44
Q

N=

A

speed of light in vacuum (air)_
 ______________________ speed of light in substance


45
Q

For air, n,

A

186,262 miles per sec = 1.00
 ______________________ 186,262 miles per sec


46
Q

****Whats the Refractive Index of air

A

1.00

47
Q

For water

A

For water, n = 186,262 miles per sec = 1.33
 ——————————————— 140,000 miles per sec

 Therefore, the refractive index of water is 1.33




48
Q

****Traveling at Lower density

A

When traveling from a lower density medium to a higher density medium (lower refractive index to a higher refractive index), the light ray will be bent towards the normal.
 
 n1 < n2, ray is bent towards the normal

49
Q

****Traveling higher density

A

When traveling from a higher density medium to a lower density medium, the light ray will be bent away from the normal.

 n1 > n2, ray is bent away from the normal



50
Q

****Snell’s Law (the law of refraction)


A

A fundamental law in optics that governs the refraction of light in a transparent medium. It tells us how the angle of incidence is related to the angle of refraction and the refractive index. It can be used to calculate the angle of the incident ray, the refracted ray or the index of refraction.

 Lens designs are based on this relationship. It is also the basis of all ophthalmic equipment, many ophthalmic tests, measurements, and protocols.

51
Q

***The amount of refraction increases

A

The amount of refraction increases as the wavelength of light Decreases Shorter wavelengths of light (violet and blue) are slowed more which results in more bending than the longer wavelengths (red and orange)

52
Q

Light Intensity

A

Measured in terms of candles, a standard dating from pre-electricity times. The light from a single candle falling on a surface at a distance of 1 foot illuminates the surface with an intensity of 1 candle per square foot (1 footcandle). If a light source produces 100 footcandles of light, the light will be as intense as 100 candles at exactly 1 foot from the source. 10 footcandles for ordinary indoor tasks 30 footcandles for reading 100+ footcandles for detailed work

53
Q

****How many foot candles do you think the sun in

A

10K Foot candles

54
Q

The illumination of light

A

the illumination of light on a surface is inversely proportional to it’s distance from the light source

55
Q

Wavelength of light that the eye can see?

A
56
Q

****Dispersion?

A

The Visible spectrum is actually the frangmentation of white light. When white light is separated into its spectral components, this is known as dispersion.

57
Q

****How is light refracted?

A

Light rays are refracted as they pass through a medium at an oblique angle. This is because the oblique rays that are closest to the surface of the new medium will enter the medium first and thus be slowed down first.

58
Q

****Refracted speed chart

A
59
Q

****What causes the speed of light to increase or decrease?

A

It is the change in speed of the light ray as it enters the

When traveling from a lower density medium to a higher density medium (lower refractive index to a higher refractive index), the light ray will be bent towards the normal.
n1 < n2, ray is bent towards the normal

When traveling from a higher density medium to a lower density medium, the light ray will be bent away from the normal.
n1 > n2, ray is bent away from the normal

SEE IF THESE MAKE SENCE

?Increase the r = decrease the refractive power of the eye

?Reduce the r = increase the refractive power of the eye

new medium that causes the ray to bend.

So if light travels from air through some other medium, it will always be slowed down.

Light rays are refracted as they pass through a medium at an oblique angle. This is because the oblique rays that are closest to the surface of the new medium will enter the medium first and thus be slowed down first.

60
Q

****Which way does a refracted ray bend when going from one medium to another?

A

When traveling from a lower density medium to a higher density medium (lower refractive index to a higher refractive index), the light ray will be bent towards the normal.

n1 < n2, ray is bent towards the normal

When traveling from a higher density medium to a lower density medium, the light ray will be bent away from the normal.

n1 > n2, ray is bent away from the normal

61
Q

Which way does a refracted ray bend when ging from one medium to another?

A

OPH 114 Optics (11 decks)

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