Optics Flashcards
____ - “Caves in” ][
Concave
____ - “like a bubble” 0
Convex
____ - Makes light rays come together
Converging
____ - Makes light rays separate or spread out
Diverging
A concave lens is also known as a ____ (converging/diverging) lens
Diverging lens
A convex lens is also known as a _____ (converging/diverging) lens
Converging lens
___ of curvature (C) - For a spherical lens (or mirror), this is the center of the circular arc of the lens (or mirror)
Center of curvature
___ of curvature (R) - Distance from C to the lens (or mirror)
Radius of curvature
___ ___ (F) - For a spherical lens (or mirror), this is the point halfway in between the center of curvature and the lens (or mirror) tells us how much a light ray bends
Focal point
___ ___ (f) - Distance from F to the lens (or mirror), 2F = R
Focal length
____ ___ - Perpendicular line drawn from the lens (or mirror) through the center of curvature, aka “the normal”
Principal Axis
___ - The real light rays CONVERGE to form the image (can be projected. FOR MIRRORS, IMAGE FORMS ON THE SAME SIDE AS THE OBJECT. Ex: Movie projector, our eyes)
Real
____ - The real light rays DIVERGE so virtual rays must be extended for convergence (can’t be projected. FOR MIRRORS, IMAGE FORMS ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE AS THE OBJECT. Ex: A magnifying glass)
Virtual
Concave lenses are always (virtual/real)
Virtual
Convex lenses are always (virtual/real). They’re technically both but mostly:
Real
____ - Image stays pointing the same way as the object
Upright
___ - Image is flipped upside down as compared to the object
Inverted
____ - Image is larger than the original object
Enlarged
____ - Image is smaller than the original object
Reduced
Plane mirrors are always VIRTUAL and will always produce an (upright/inverted) image
Upright
Real images are always (inverted/upright)
Inverted
Virtual images are always (inverted/upright)
Upright
___ ___ - Stretch and compress the lens to reduce or increase the focal length based on an objects distance
Ciliary Muscles
___ - Light sensitive tissue with photoreceptors that perceive light and relay info to the brain
Retina
The images formed on your retina is _____ but your brain interprets the image as being right side up
Inverted
____ - (nearsightedness /can’t see from far away) occurs when light rays converge in front of the retina (is fixed with a CONCAVE DIVERGING lens)
Myopia
____ - (farsightedness / can’t see close up) occurs when light rays converge behind the retina (is fixed with a CONVEX CONVERGING lens)
Hyperopia
___-___ ___ - 1/f = 1/do + 1/di
Lens-maker equation
f is the ___ ___
Focal length
do is the ___ ____
Object distance
di is the ___ ____
Image distance
___ ___ - m = hi/ho = - di/do
Magnification equation
m stands for ___
Magnification
hi is the ___ ___
Image height
ho is the ___ ____
Object height
f “focal length” for a concave lens is ___ (meaning the focal point is in front of the lens)
Negative
f “focal length” for a CONVEX lens is ___ (meaning the focal point is behind the lens)
Positive
do “object distance” is always ___ (meaning the object is always in front of the lens)
Positive
di “image distance” is ONLY positive if the image is ___ (meaning it is formed behind the lens)
Real
di “image distance” is ONLY negative if the image is ____ (meaning it is formed in front of the lens)
Virtual
m “magnification” is only negative if an image is ____ (meaning it is upside down compared to the original object. Since “di” is positive for real images “m” is always negative. Real images are always inverted)
Inverted
m “magnification” is ONLY positive if an image is _____ (Meaning it faced the same was as the original object. Since “di” is negative for virtual images, “m” is always positive. Virtual images are always upright)
Upright
If m=1 the image is ___
The same size
If m>1 the image is ____
Enlarged
If m<1 the image is ___
Reduced
Mirrors work as the result of ____
Reflection
Lenses work as the result of ____
Refraction
As the object moves CLOSER to a CONVERGING (convex) lens, the image will (enlarge/reduce/stay the same). And the object will seem like it is getting ____
Enlarge
Reduced
The “BLUE” rays are the incident light rays which are the rays at the (points of the object/points of the image)
Points of the object (not the middle)
The RED rays are the reflected/refracted rays that are at (points of the object/points of the image)
Points of the image (still not the middle)
If the CONVEX lens is AT F (like as in 2F or F) there will be ___ ___ formed from parallel rays because they neither converge nor diverge
No image
In a CONVEX lens if the object is in between F and the lens then the image will be ___ THE OBJECT and will be virtual, upright, and enlarged
BEHIND the object (on the same side of the lens)
In a CONCAVE lens the top arrow will be moving forward and curving ___ once it reaches the concave lens. The dotted arrow behind it will be combined with it (/ like that)
Up
In a CONCAVE lens the middle arrow will move downward and then move straight once it hits the concave lens. Dotted line will go in a straight line (—that throughout the thing)
lol
In a CONCAVE lens the bottom line will go down till it hits the light and will continue to go downward. The dotted line will start from the top right and go down to the line ()
yuh
If the image and the object are in the same area of the lens (like both on the left or right side of it) then that will make the image ___
Virtual
The closer the object moves to the lens, the ____ the image gets
Larger
The image for an object placed in front of a plane mirror is Virtual Upright and the same size
lol
