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opthalmic dispensing > optical terminology > Flashcards

optical terminology Flashcards

1
Q

what is optometry?

A

practice of checking eye health and vision

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2
Q

what is px?

A

the patient/customer

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3
Q

what is rx?

A

the optical prescription

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4
Q

what are spectacles?

A

for holding ophthalmic lenses to correct refractive error

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5
Q

what is myopia?

A

being short sighted, wears a NEGATIVE powered lens

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6
Q

what is hyperopia?

A

being long sighted, wears a POSITIVE powered lens

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7
Q

what is emmetropia?

A

having no prescription

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8
Q

what is presbyopia?

A

someone who struggles to see close up (usually over 40 years)

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9
Q

what is dioptre?

A

the unit of measurement for lens power. written as DS, dioptre sphere.

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10
Q

in what steps is lens power measured in?

A

it is measured in quarter dioptre steps. 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00.

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11
Q

what is a prism?

A

it is used in spectacles to bend light to enter the eye. used for people with squints.

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12
Q

what is visual acuity?

A

(VA) corresponds to the lowest line that can be read on the test chart. biggest letter- 6/60 , smallest letter- 6/5

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13
Q

what is amblyopia?

A

having better vision in one eye than the other

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14
Q

spherical eye

A

round like a football (Sph)

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15
Q

what is astigmatism?

A

when the front surface of a normal eye is round like a football, but the eyes are shaped more oval like a rugby ball.

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16
Q

what does astigmatism affect?

A

it affects the path of light so that the image formed at the back of the eye is not sharply focused (commonly Cyl)

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17
Q

what is single vision?

A

one prescription for a given distance.

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18
Q

what is bifocal?

A

mainly used as large distance vision area with a separate, distinct area for near vision. this can be a line.

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19
Q

what is trifocal?

A

3 distinct areas for vision, distance, intermediate and near; again marked with lines

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20
Q

what is multifocal?

A

one lens with 2 or more foci, usually worn by presbyopes.

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21
Q

what is progressive powered lenses (PALS)?

A

these are lenses which have no line but are divided into distance, intermediate and near vision.

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22
Q

what is occupational?

A

these are designed for use in the intermediate and near vision zones. they can be useful for people who work on computers.

23
Q

what are enhanced readers?

A

these have a very large reading area and an intermediate vision area.

24
Q

what are coatings?

A

a thin layer applied to the surface of lens (e.g. hard coat, anti-reflection)

25
Q

what is a tint?

A

a layer of colour usually applied to the surface of lens (e.g. sunspecs)

26
Q

what is a filter?

A

a filter is a layer that affects the vision through lens e.g. polarising

27
Q

what are contact lenses?

A

thin plastic lens placed directly on the surface of the eye to correct visual defects.

28
Q

what is modality-soft? *

A

can be daily, bi-weekly, monthly, annual

29
Q

what is modality- RGP? *

A

generally annually

30
Q

what is a pre test?

A

a pre screen, tests and information before eye examination.

31
Q

what does IOP stand for?

A

intraocular pressure

32
Q

what is an IOP?

A

the pressure within the eyeball. pressure is measured with a tonometer. there is a slight increase in IOP with, in the morning and lying down.

33
Q

normal IOP is usually between what?

A

10 and 22mmHg

34
Q

what is an auto refractor?

A

a computer controlled machine used during an eye examination to provide an objective measurement of a person’s refractive error and prescription (for glasses or contact lenses).

35
Q

what is fundus/ OCT?

A

photo of the back surface of the eye

36
Q

what is a field test?

A

a test to find blind spots in vision, usually with one eye and counting spots of light

37
Q

what are cataracts?

A

clouding of the lens in the eye. it is very common in older people. it causes haziness in vision (made worse in bright conditions).

38
Q

what is aphakia?

A

an ocular condition in which the crystalline lens is absent. it may be congenital (born with it) but usually it is due to surgical removal of a cataract.
- as a result, eye is unable to focus correctly
- patient can wear an extra thick lens called a lenticular

39
Q

what is a focimeter?

A

an optical instrument for determining power, axis direction and optical centre of ophthalmic lenses

40
Q

what is a squint?

A

eye doesn’t look straight ahead, due to eye muscle weakness

41
Q

what is accommodation?

A

the focus needed to see clearly; accommodation gets more difficult with age (presbyopia)

42
Q

what is diplopia?

A

double vision. this can occur horizontally or vertically.

43
Q

what is defective colour vision?

A

colours that are confused are red, greens and greys or red, oranges or blue-green
- occurs in about 8% male population, 0.5% of the female population
- majority of cases of defective colour vision are inherited

44
Q

what is stereopsis?

A

3D vision, depth perception

45
Q

what is a referral?

A

a letter written to hospital and GP

46
Q

what is the NHS GOS?

A

the optical system for claiming payment from NHS system, for both eye exams and to help towards optical correction

47
Q

what does LTB stand for?

A

length to bend

48
Q

what does BVD stand for?

A

back vertex distance

49
Q

what is the optical centre?

A

the centre of the optical device

50
Q

what is pupillary distance (PD)?

A

the distance between the centres of the pupils

51
Q

what is a snellen chart?

A

it tests distance visual acuity and is only one of the tests done to access eyesight.
-chart used is made up of capital letters, numbers, symbols or pictures (larger at the top, smaller at the bottom)

52
Q

what is an illiterate e testing chart?

A

it is a chart for carrying out tests on a person that cannot read.
-consists of an ‘E’ of different sizes and orientated in different directions which the subject must recognise

53
Q

what is a landolt broken ring?

A

it is a chart using a graduated series of rings in which the subject must indicate the orientation of the gap
-gap is either up, down, left or right

54
Q

what is a logMAR testing chart?

A

a chart which comprises of rows of letters and is used by optometrists, opthalmologists and vision scientists to estimate visual acuity

opthalmic dispensing (2 decks)

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