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ABO Prep > Optical Principles > Flashcards

Optical Principles Flashcards

1
Q

How many mm and cm is 1 inch?

A

25mm or 2.5 cm

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2
Q

When finding focal lengths, what is the formula to find diopter power?

A

D=1/F

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3
Q

When finding focal lengths, what is the formula to find focal lengths?

A

F=1/D

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4
Q

Every optical lens front surface is what type of power, and what type is the back surface?

A

front surface is plus power, back surface is minus power

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5
Q

A Concave lens is which type of
power?

A

minus power lens

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6
Q

A Convex lens is which type of power?

A

plus power lens

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7
Q

As light passes through a Prism, it bends towards the what?

A

the base

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8
Q

Plus lenses demonstrate which type of motion?

A

“against” motion

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9
Q

What does it mean for a lens to be “against” motion?

A

it means the lens becomes more magnified(more plus) as it is moved away from your eye

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10
Q

Minus lenses demonstrate which type of motion?

A

“with” motion

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11
Q

What does it mean for a lens to be “with” motion?

A

it means the lens image shrinks(less minus) as the lens is moved away from your eye

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12
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

186,000 miles per second

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13
Q

Light radiates from it’s source in which type of wavefront?

A

a diverging wavefront

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14
Q

Light travels at how many miles per minute?

A

11 million miles per minute

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15
Q

How far is the Earth from the sun?

A

approximately 93 million miles

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16
Q

When does Refraction occur?

A

when light passes through a transparent material and is slowed down by that material.

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17
Q

Measuring how much a given transparent material slows down light as it passes through it is known as finding it’s what?

A

Index of Refraction

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18
Q

Formula for measuring the Index of Refraction?

A

N=186,000/Velocity of light through a medium

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19
Q

The breakdown of light into it’s colored components is called what?

A

Dispersion Value

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20
Q

Which light color(s) are our eyes most sensitive to?

A

yellow/green at 535 nm

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21
Q

What is Illumination?

A

the amount of light striking an object from a light source

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22
Q

What is the Law of Inverse Square?

A

it shows the variance in illumination. Generally, showing that as light leaves it’s source, if it isn’t inhibited, it will disperse. AE. the farther away from a light you are, the less intense it feels

23
Q

Law of Inverse Square Formula

A

E=I/(d)squared
E: illumination in Lux
I: Intensity of light
(d) squared: object distance squared

24
Q

Define Refraction

A

The bending of light rays

25
Q

Define Reflection

A

when light can not penetrate the material they hit, they reflect back, causing reflection

26
Q

What are the four scientific theories of light?

A

Direct Ray theory
Corpuscular Theory
Quantum Theory
Electro-Magnetic Wave Theory

27
Q

Define Direct Ray Theory

A

the theory of the existence of an immense light beam similar to a headlight beam or spotlight, but that in its intensity, it illuminates the entire universe

28
Q

Define Corpuscular Theory

A

Theory that the universe holds an infinity of fine thread type transmitters for light, like a spider web of light transmitting threads.

29
Q

Define Quantum Theory

A

The assumption that different size energy materials and particles combine with the sun in the light process.

30
Q

In Quantum Theory, the particles that combine with the sun in the light process are called what?

A

Photons

31
Q

Define Electro-Magnetic Wave Theory

A

Theory says that light leaves its source in a series of pulsations known as waves. Each point of light moves in a straight line known as a light ray

32
Q

In Electro Magnetic Wave Theory, the distance between pulsations is known as what, and they’re measured in what type of unit?

A

Known as Wavelengths, they’re measured in nanometers

33
Q

Which light wave color is the shortest?

A

Violet

34
Q

Which light wave color is the longest?

A

Red

35
Q

When our eyes perceive different colors, what are we recognizing?

A

Different wavelengths of light

36
Q

Wavelengths of light that influence our vision are referred to as what?

A

The visible spectrum

37
Q

The Invisible spectrum of light includes what?

A

Ultraviolet which resides below the visible spectrum, and infrared light which exists above the visual spectrum.

38
Q

Which light theory is used in color research?

A

Electro magnetic wave theory

39
Q

Which light theory is used most often in optical?

A

Electro magnetic wave theory

40
Q

The Visible spectrum is between how many Nanometers?

A

Between 380 nm - 760nm

41
Q

What are the 3 types of radiation that the sun produces?

A
  1. Visible light (the color spectrum)
  2. Infrared - defined as “below red”
  3. Ultraviolet (UV rays)
42
Q

Which type of UV rays are most offensive to someone not wearing glasses, and how many nanometers are they between?

A

UV B, 286-320nm

43
Q

How much UV filter is in Clear Glass?

A

8%

44
Q

How much UV filter is in Plastic CR39?

A

30-50% depending on manufacturer

45
Q

How much UV filter is in Poly?

A

100%

46
Q

How much UV filter is in Trivex?

A

100%

47
Q

How much UV filter is in High Index?

A

Nearly 100%

48
Q

How much UV filter is in Transitions?

A

Nearly 100%

49
Q

Define Diffraction

A

A different kind of bending of light involving a change in direction of light waves as they pass through an opening or around a barrier in their path resulting in the breaking up or ‘spattering’ of light rays.

50
Q

Light passing through curtains is an example of what?

A

Light diffraction

51
Q

Do Plus lenses converge or diverge light rays?

A

Converge, bringing light rays together

52
Q

Do Minus lenses converge or diverge light rays?

A

Diverge, moving light rays away from each other

53
Q

In which direction to prism’s bend light as they pass through?

A

Towards it’s base

54
Q

What does a laser do?

A

Controls light through a specifically arranged set of lenses

ABO Prep (12 decks)

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