Optical Models Of The Eye

Question 1

What are the two categories of model eye

Answer 1

1. Encyclopedia

2. The toy train

Question 2

A model eye is a mechanistic summary of everything we know about the eyes optical system and how it works

Answer 2

The encyclopedia

Question 3

A model eye is working devide that mimics the functional behavior of real eyes. It can have a variety of embodiments: physical, mathematical, or computational

Answer 3

The toy train

Question 4

Advantages of encyclopedia model

Answer 4

A compact, working representation of knowledge about ocular mechanisms

Question 5

Disadvantages of encyclopedia model eye

Answer 5

When all details are included, the model may be too complicated to use

Question 6

Advantages of toy train model

Answer 6

Real world problems get solved

Question 7

Disadvantage of toy train

Answer 7

May oversimplify (structurally, mechanistically) important features of the eye

Question 8

The history of eye models reveals the differences between these two complementary approaches

Answer 8

1. Encyclopedic completeness and anatomical correctness

2. Conceptual simplicity and functional utility

Question 9

Early Greek descriptions of the eye were based on what

Answer 9

More on philosophy than on oberservation

-eye receives receives visual spirit from the brain

Question 10

Who came up with the binocular aspect

Answer 10

Alhazen

Question 11

The renaissance of anatomy through observation

Answer 11

• religion prohibited eye dissection until after dark ages

- renaissance overcame 1000 years of adherence to the teachings of the Romans

Question 12

Early mechanisms of making eyeglasses

Answer 12

The mechanism was magic, likely work of devil

Salvino

Question 13

First one to show image in retina, not crystalline humor

Answer 13

Kepler

Question 14

What was the ideal lens shape in 1600s

Answer 14

Spherical

Torricelli

Question 15

A diagrammatic prevention of framework, that organizes our understanding of a complex system

Answer 15

Schem

Question 16

A diagram of the eye that summarizes and organizes our understanding of the eye as an optical system. Provides a conceptual framework for thinking about how the retinal image is formed

Answer 16

Schematic eye

Question 17

Earlier schematic eye drawing

Answer 17

Drawings of Schneider were first functional diagrams that showed refraction of light rays to form an image on the retina

Question 18

What did Scheiner use his schematic eye for

Answer 18

To think about refractive error and to invent the first optometer

Question 19

Who independently re discovered snells law?

Answer 19

Descartes

Question 20

What did Descartes do

Answer 20

Used his analytical powers of analysis to create a schematic representation of the eye plus correcting lens system that explains how spectacles work

Question 21

What did scheiner and Kepler use phycsical model eyes to explain

Answer 21

How spectacles work

Question 22

Other than refractive error, what else was a schematic eye used for

Answer 22

Mechanism of accommodation

Question 23

Who discovered that white light contains a spectrum of colors

Answer 23

Newton

Question 24

Who developed first model eye

Answer 24

Young

Question 25

What did listing do

Answer 25

Introduced average schematic eye and reduced it to abstract cardinal points

Question 26

20th century developments of the model eye

Answer 26

1. Better biometrics

2.

Question 27

Designing of refractive corrections using model eyes: predictions

Answer 27

• refractive surgery outcomes

- forward scattering effect (Glare and halos)

Question 28

Calibration of imaging tools with model eyes

Answer 28

• autorefraction
• fundus camera
• OTC

Question 29

A complete description of the eyes optical system requires

Answer 29

An anatomically correct model

Question 30

Why is an anatomically correct eye model not the best

Answer 30

It may be too complex and unwieldy to be useful in other applications

Question 31

The ____________ recommends using the simplest model that is adequate for an application. This may be a model that is functionally accurate, but anatomically inaccurate

Answer 31

Law of parsimony