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Opthamology Phase II > Opthomology > Flashcards

Opthomology Flashcards

1
Q

Eyelid & Lashes turned outward

A

Ectropion

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2
Q

Eyelid & eye lashes turned inward

A

Entropion

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3
Q

Ectropion is due to the relaxation of the _______ muscle

A

Orbicularis oculi

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4
Q

Management or Tx for ectropion or Entropion

A

Sx correction or lubricating eye drops

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5
Q

Tearing, tenderness, edema, & redness to medial canthus

A

Dacrocystitis infection of the lacrimal sac

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6
Q

MC culprit in Dacrocystitis

A

S. Aureus, GABHS, S. Epidermis, H flu, S. Pneumo

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7
Q

Eyelid burning, erythema, crusting, scaling, red rimming, and eyelash flaking. seborrheic or infectious

A

Blepharitis (Inflammation of both eyelids)

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8
Q

MC culprit in Blepharitis

A

S. Aureus or Staph Epidermis

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9
Q

Blepharitis management Tx

A

Warm Compress, eyelid hygiene, scrubbing w/ baby shampoo, (Post.= Expression of the Meibomian gland)

Staph Infx: Erythromycin
Doxy: Meibomian Gland Dysfx

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10
Q

Painful, warm, swollen red lump on eyelid. Eyelid margin abscess external sebaceous gland (Ext.)

Internal sebaceous gland (Internal)

A

Hordeolum (stye)

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11
Q

painless granuloma of the internal Meibomian sebaceous gland. Large, firm, slow growing

A

Chalazion

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12
Q

Tx for Hordeolum

A

Warm compress, + or - Abx Erythromycin or Bacitracin

I and D if no drainage w/I 48 hours . most point and drain spontaneously

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13
Q

Tx for chalazion

A

eyelid hygiene warm compress, abx not necessary, injection of corticosteroid or incision

Injected Triamcinolone steroid if no resolution X 3-4 wks. CI: Dark Pigment Pts

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14
Q

Elevated superficial fleshy, triangular shape growing fibrovascular mass MC in inner corner nasal side of eye

A

Pterygium

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15
Q

Elevated superficial fleshy, triangular shape growing fibrovascular mass MC in outer corner of eye.

Caused by UV as well as dust and sand exposure. Fat /protein does not grow

A

Pinguecula

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16
Q

Pinguecula and Pterygium Tx

A

Observation for most, artificial tears, removal of affects vision or cosmetics reason

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17
Q

Severe conjunctival hemorrhage. Tear drop or irregularly shaped pupil, hyphema, enopthalmus

diplopia, visual acuity reduced ( may be light perception only, ocular pain, prolapse of the iris, obscured red reflex

A

Globe rupture

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18
Q

Globe rupture tx

A

Rigid eye shield (stabilize impaled object)

Immediate optho consult : IV Abx
Avoid topical solutions

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19
Q

decreased visual acuity post trauma Diplopia especially w upward gaze. orbital emphysema w nose blowing,

Epistaxis anesthesia to anteromedial cheek due to stretching of infraorbital nerve

A

orbital blowout fx

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20
Q

diagnostic of choice for blow out fx

A

CT - will show teardrop sign

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21
Q

Blow Fractures management

A

Initial - Nasal decongestant (for pain ). Avoid blowing nose and steroids to reduce edema

Abx - Ampicillin/sulbactam or clindamycin
Severe cases require surgery

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22
Q

MC cause of permanent legal blindness and visual loss in the elderly >60. Central vision loss BL and detail/color vis

Scotomas (Blind spots and shadows), metamorphopsia (bent straight lines), micropsia (small obj),

A

Macular Degeneration

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23
Q

Gradual break down of the macula and central blur. Drusen- Small round yellow spots on outer retina

(Accumulation of waste products from the retinal pigment epithelium)

A

Dry (Atrophic) Macular degeneration

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24
Q

New abnormal vessels, grow under the central retina, which leak and bleed –>retinal scarring

Progresses rapidly (Fluorescein angiography Dx)

A

Wet (Neovascular) or exudative Macular Degeneration

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25
Q

Macular Degeneration Dry Tx

A

Amsler grid at home- monitors stability. Vit A, C, E may slow progression.

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26
Q

Macular Degeneration Wet Tx

A

Intravitreal anti-angiogenics Bevacizumab- Inh. vascular endothelial growth factor red. neovascularization

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27
Q

Retinal vessel damage leads to ischemia, edema.

Proliferative neovascularization
Non-proliferative Micro aneurysms flame shapes (Cotton wool spots, hard exudates, hemorrhages)

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

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28
Q

excess sugars attach collagen in vessels –> breakdown of vessel capillary wall

A

Glycosylation-

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29
Q

Diabetic Neuropathy Tx

A

Proliferative (Neovascularization)- Bevacizumab, laser coagulation tx, tight glucose control

Maculopathy- Laser

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30
Q

I.Copper wiring-Vessel wall thickening and lumen narrowing, II. AV nicking-compression @ jx by Inc. press.

III Cotton wool spots- fluffy white spots, flame shape hemorrhages, IV papilledema

A

Hypertensive Retinopathy

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31
Q

Photopsia- Flashing lights–> Floaters–>progressive UL vision loss “Shadow or curtain coming down” periph 1st

–> central visual field. No pain or redness. Detached tissue flapping in vitreous humor. Tobacco dust (Shaffer)

A

Retinal Detachment

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32
Q

Retinal Detachment type w predisposing factors of myopia and cataracts.

Inner sensory layer detaches from choroid plexus

A

Rhegmatogenous MC Type

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33
Q

Adhesions separate the retina from its base.
predisposing factors

predisposing factors Proliferative DM retinopathy, sickle cell, trauma

A

Traction Retinal Detachment

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34
Q

Fluid accumulates beneath the retina–> detachment

A

Exudative Retinal Detachment

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35
Q

Clumping of brown-colored pigment cells in the ant. vitreous humor resembles Tobacco dust

A

Shaffer’s sign

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36
Q

Retinal detachment Tx

A

Optho ER- keep patient supine while awaiting consult don’t use miotic drops

Laser, cryotherapy, ocular surgery

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37
Q

Curtain that lifts up usually within 1 hour

A

Amaurosis Fugax

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38
Q

FB Sensation, tearing, red and painful eye

Fluorescein staining required

A

Ocular FB and corneal Abrasions

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39
Q

Ocular FB and corneal Abrasions Tx

A

Removal w cotton tip swab- No topical anesthetics

Patch for > 5mm. No patching > 24 hours. Rust ring = remove w/I 24 hrs

No patch in contact lens wearers (Pseudomonas) Cipro gtts 24 hr F/U

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40
Q

FB sensation, erythema, and itching. May have viral S/S
pre-auricular LAD, copious water D/C scant mucoid D/C; Follicular response, subepithelial LAD

Often BL. May have punctate staining on slit lamp MC Adenovirus

A

Viral conjunctivitis

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41
Q

Viral conjunctivitis Tx

A

cold compress, artificial tears

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42
Q

Nerve and muscle that closes the eye

A

Cranial nerve VII (Facial) and Orbicularis Muscle

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43
Q

Nerve and muscle that opens the eye

A

cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor) Levator muscle and muellers

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44
Q

Muscle that assists opening the eyelids

A

Mueller’s Muscle

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45
Q

Produces aqueous humor

A

Ciliary Body

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46
Q

Allows focus on near objects, accommodates or contracts creating changes on zonular fibers

A

Ciliary Muscle

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47
Q

Provides blood supply for the outer retinal layers

A

Choroid

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48
Q

Responsible for fine central vision, depression in the center is fovea. Contains mostly cones

A

Macula

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49
Q

Location where nerve fibers converge and leave the eye (Physiologic blind spot )

A

Optic disc

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50
Q

considered moderate low vision

A

20/80- 20/160

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51
Q

Meds for dilation

A

Mydriatics

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52
Q

Cholinergic Blocking medication lasting Max effect 30 min. lasts 2-6 hours

A

Tropicamide

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53
Q

Cholinergic Blocking medication lasting Max effect 340 min. lasts 1-2 weeks

A

Atropine

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54
Q

what to look for in eye exam

A 
Red reflex 
Optic Disk 
Retinal circulation 
Retinal Background
Macula
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55
Q

Intraocular pressure ranges

A

10 - 21 mmhg with tonometer

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56
Q

standard of care measurement for IOP

A

Goldmann Tonometry

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57
Q

Iris bows forward in patient with shallow chamber creating a shadow when shining a light from side

A

Risk for angle glaucoma

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58
Q

Evaluates the Macula

A

Amsler grid testing

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59
Q

Farsightedness Axis Length of the eye is too______

A

+ Hyperopia (short )

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60
Q

Nearsightedness Axis Length of the eye is too______

A
  • Myopia (Long )
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61
Q

Eye shaped more like a football

A

Astigmatism

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62
Q

Old eyes loss of accommodation

A

Presbyopia

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63
Q

Eyes are parallel when both eyes are open but when you cover one eye the covered eye moves away

A

Heterophoria ( Eso, Exo, Hyper, Hypo, cyclo)

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64
Q

condition when both eyes do not point in the same direction when both eyes are open

A

Heterotropia (Eso in, Exo out, Hyper up, hypo down)

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65
Q

Misalignment of the two eyes

A

Strabismus

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66
Q

Double vision

A

Diplopia

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67
Q

Eye that is deviated most of the time with increased poor vision

Defective vision without detectable anatomic damage

A

Amblyopia (Lazy eye)

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68
Q

Test used to find deviation during light reflex deviation

A

Hirschberg Test

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69
Q

Strabismus Tx

A

Patching of the better eye to force use of bad eye. Full time patching is best. 1 week/year of age

Over age 11 typically unsuccesful

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70
Q

The inability to completely close eyes

A

Lagophthalmos

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71
Q

Meibomian Gland dysfunction Blepharitis Tx

A

Doxycycline

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72
Q

inflammation of the lacrimal sack S/S tearing, pain, erythema, mucopurulent discharge

A

Dacrocystitis

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73
Q

Dacrocystitis tx

A

Augmentin 500 mg every 8 hours

Febrile hospitalize Iv Abx

74
Q

Inflammation of the lacrimal gland s/s lateral lid swelling, pain, tearing, tender and erythematous lacrimal gland

A

Dacryoadenitis

75
Q

Dacryoadenitis Tx

A

Augmentin 250- 500 mg TID

cephalexin 250-500 mg

76
Q

Most common cancer of the eyelid

A

Basal cell carcinoma

77
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma tx

A

Surgical removal Moh’s surgery

78
Q

Ocular Mucopurulent D/C can rapidly invade cornea. Edema and erythema of the lid.

Adhesion of lid especially in the a.m

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

79
Q

Bacterial Conjunctivitis tx

A

Trimethoprim/Polymyxin B QID X 7 days

Ceftriaxone 1 G IM then IV 1 G q 24 hrs
+ Azithromycin 1 G po single dose (Gonocc/Chlam)

80
Q

Work up for Bacterial Conjunctivitis Gono/Chlam suspected

A

Gram Stain and conjunctival cultures

81
Q

Intense ocular itching and watery D/C Bilat. erythema and edema w stringy mucoid D/C

Conjunctival Papillae elevations w prominent central vessel

A

Allergic Conjunctivitis

82
Q

Allergic Conjunctivitis tx

A

Mild - Artificial Tears
Moderate- Topical AH1 (Olapatadine or Ketotifen)

Severe- Loteprednol Top Steroid
-PO AH1

83
Q

Is a nodular lesion growth at the limbus caused by sensitivity to bacterial proteins staph/Tb

A

Phlyctenule

84
Q

Phlyctenule tx

A

Steroid and Abx combo drop Tobradex or Zylet

85
Q

Typically Asymptomatic benign pigmented lesion freely mobile over the sclera

Rare progression to malignancy middle aged elderly
Requires biopsy if growth or change in appearance

A

Conjunctival Nevus

86
Q

Main concern is ruptured globe with intraocular or orbital FB Metal striking metal or BB gun injury

Fluorescein stain required R/O scleral involvement

A

Conjunctival Laceration

87
Q

Conjunctival Laceration tx

A

< 1cm of length = Erythromycin TID

> 1cm of length = Sx closure

88
Q

Caused by trauma, Valsalva, heavy lifting, chronic cough, constipation, and use of aspirin or warfarin

IOP, BP check, PT and PTT, TX Art tears DC ASA

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

89
Q

Damage to cornea that tends to be extremely painful. Severe damage/blindness w/I 24-48 hrs.

Infiltrates- accumulation of cells or fluid in the cornea

A

Corneal Ulcers and Erosions

90
Q

Irritation, conjunctival injection, and photophobia. MC unilateral Advanced disease- Stromal scarring

Epithelial Dendrites

A

Herpes Simplex Keratitis

91
Q

Herpes Simplex Keratitis Tx

A

Topical Antivirals

Topical Steroids = tissue loss

92
Q

Ulceration of epithelium w incr. ANt. chamber reaction w or w/o hypopyon. Upper eyelid edema,

surrounding corneal inflammation, conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent D/C

A

Bacterial keratitis

93
Q

Bacterial keratitis Tx *

A

Gram Stain and Giemsa

Aggressive topical Fluoroquinolone (Mild or Med risk (

Vision Threatened= Q 30 min Tobramycin Gentamycin Cefazolin or Vancomycin

94
Q

History of outdoor eye trauma w vegetable matter involved, steroid use, sx, contact lens use

FB sensation, incr. pain, decrease vision, feathery white yellow opacity, hypopion

A

Fungal Keratitis

95
Q

Fungal Keratitis Tx

A

Surgical debridement ( No Steroids)

Meds= Natamycin topical, Amphotericin B Top.,
Fluconazole/voriconazole PO

96
Q

Corneal pigmentation- Corneal deposits

A

Chloroquines or Hydroxyxhloroquines

97
Q

Corneal Pigmtation- whorl-shaped deposits

A

Amiodorone

98
Q

No current hx of trauma. Typically occurs upon wakening, felt sharp pain when opened the eye

Felt like eye was stuck to front of the eye. After healing, diffuse irregularity of cornea

A

Recurrent Corneal Erosion

99
Q

Recurrent Corneal Erosion Tx

A

Hypertonic Saline ointment Muro 128 (Sx if Severe)

Bandage contact lens if large (analgesia PRN)

100
Q

Progressive thinning of the central cornea degenerative in nature. Left untreated–> cornea perf.

Results in scarring and blindness. bulging of inferior lid/cornea from thinning central cornea- Munson sign.

A

Keratoconus

101
Q

Kayser Fleischer ring are result of depositions of iron in the form of hemosiderin. Fleischer rings are indicative of ?

A

Keratoconus

102
Q

Associated w herpes zoster, systemic dz such as RA, SLE, Rosacea.. Thyroid disease and syphilis

injection at sclera can be moved w Q-tip. Mild to Mod pain. Phenylephrine –> blanching post min.

A

Episcleritis

103
Q

Episcleritis Treatment

A

Refer: Typically self limited, cold compress, artificial tears,

Mod - severe topical steroids oral NSAID

104
Q

Associated w systemic disease w SEVERE boring pain that radiates to forehead, jaw, and brow. Pain awakens pt

photophobia, tearing, bluish hue. Phenylephrine does not blanch. Exam for systemic issues.

A

Scleritis

105
Q

Scleritis Tx

A

H2 blocker- Ranitidine

NSAIDS Ibuprofen or Indomethacin

Steroids prednisone

Cyclophosphamide for posterior scleritis

106
Q

Associated with HLA-B27 Positive, Ank. spondylitis, Reiters, Juvenile arthritis, syphilis. Uni or Bilat “Mutton Fat” KERATIC PRECIPITATES *

onset acute and insidious, photophobia, ciliary injection, floating cells, hypopyon, koeppe nodules (iris)

A

Anterior Uveitis

107
Q

Anterior Uveitis Tx *

A

Dialate scopolamine mild- mod *
Atropine- Severe **

Steroid Prednisone

1st time = excellent
recurrent = poor

108
Q

Related to systemic dz. inflammatory cells w/I vitreous w hazy exam findings. Optic disk swelling w edema.

Retinal and choroid hemorrhages. Decreased vision and floaters

A

Posterior Uveitis (Eschar black optic nerve pic)

Tx= Anterior uveitis

109
Q

Age related most common association. Diabetes, trauma, Toxic steroids, uveitis, Radiation. tumor

Decreased vision, infant keeps eye closed, Leukocoria white pupil, absent/abn. red reflex.

A

Cataracts or congenita cataracts

110
Q

Types of cataracts ****

A

Nuclear- Central part yellowing, blur distant vision.

Posterior- Opaque post. of lens. Glare and reading diff.
Diabetes, trauma, radiation, ***

Cortical- Spoke like opacity asymptomatic

111
Q

cataract considered an emergency

A

congenita cataracts

112
Q

Brain learns to see with macula at what age?

A

3- 4 months of life (Prevent Amblyopia)

113
Q

RF is Trauma. MC cause: Marfans syndrome, Homocystinuria, syphilis.

Zonular fibers ruptured, crescent moon Iris pic

A

Lens Dislocation

114
Q

caused by small aggregates in the vitrous cavity from a normal aging process

Acute onset = Uveitis, SC anemia, Retinal detach/ tear

A

Floaters and flashes

115
Q

Supplies the inner retina towards center of eye

A

Central Retinal artery

116
Q

Supplies the outer retina towards center of eye, towards wall supplies photo receptors

High oxygen demand

A

The choroid process

117
Q

Unilateral acute vision loss, happens over seconds noticed on arising in a.m markedly white retina

cherry spot in macula. BOx car segmented arterioles

A

Retinal Artery occlusion ( Branch or Central)

118
Q

Retinal Artery occlusion Tx

A

Decrease IOP Timolol and Acetazolomide, paracentesis

119
Q

Retinal Artery occlusion you must R/O

A

Giant cell Arteritis

Tx = High dose Steroids

120
Q

Painless loss of vision unilateral. Cotton wool spots and exudates vitrous hemorrhage

flame shaped hemorrhage Blood and thunder

A

Retinal vein occlusion

121
Q

How do you differentiate ischemic versus non ischemic

A

Afferent Pupillary defect

122
Q

Retinal vein occlusion Tx

A

Evaluate w/I 48 - 72 hrs

D/C BC and reduce IOP and ASA

123
Q

Group of dz w progressive optic nerve damage and visual field loss. IOP above normal range MC

A

Glaucoma

124
Q

Monocular Halos around light intense ocular pain w photophobia, frontal HA, NV, IOP= 60-70

Entrance to very dark room or drugs trigger:
Mid-Dialated Pupil

A

Acute Angle-closure glaucoma

125
Q

Acute Angle-closure glaucoma

A

Timolol

Acetazolamide IV (Sulfa NKA)

Isosorbide or Mannitol

126
Q

Blockage of aqueous outflow. MC in increased age or African American. FM Hx 6 times incr. RF DM X2-3 incr

IOP may be normal highest in a.m hours crescent shadow narrow chamber. cup/ disk 0.6 > progressive visual field loss

A

Open-Angle Glaucoma

127
Q

Treatment for glaucoma decreases aqueous humor

A

Beta Adrenergic blockers. -Lols (NO asthma)

Alpha adrenergic blockers -idine (Conjunctivitis, dermatitis)

carbonic anhydrase Inh. - -mides

128
Q

Treatment for glaucoma Increases outflow of aqueous humor

A

Sympathomimetics epi and memantine (HTN)

Prostaglandins analogs- - prosts (hyperemia)

Miotic Agent - Pilocarpine

129
Q

Asymptomatic possible decreased vision/field loss

elevated IOP 40mmhg, optic nerve damage pupil normal

A

Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma

130
Q

Glaucoma that is temporarily treated until cornea is clear for goiniotomy (Incise trabecular mesh work)

A

Congenital Glaucoma

Tx Levobunolol/Timolol

131
Q

steroid response glaucoma affects trabecular mesh work with prolonged use of steroids topical over

A

2-4 weeks

132
Q

Glaucoma requires two things

A

Progressive optic nerve damage

Progressive visual field loss

133
Q

Light travels up the optic nerve via the Afferent

A

CN II

134
Q

signals travel efferent via the ____ from the EW in the occipital lobe

A

CN III

135
Q

Associated w neurosyphilis damage to central pupil pathway. Pupil is small

Responds slow or not at all to light responds normally to near accommodation. Anisocoria

A

Argyll Robertson

136
Q

irregular dilated pupil. Reacts poorly to light better to accommodate. rx is sluggish. Pilocarpine=constrict

unilateral and in women assoc with loss of tendon reflex knee/ankle. EOM Normal no ptosis

A

Adie’s Tonic Pupil

137
Q

EOMs abnormal, Down and out eye position or Ptosis= _________

Dilated pupil = bad, MRI R/o aneurysm

A

CN III palsy

138
Q

Occurs with injury to sympathetic nerves of the face. Includes Ptosis, Miosis, and anhidrosis

cause- stroke in the brainstem, carotid injury, Pancoast tumor, Cluster HA. Cocaine gtts will not dilate pupil

A

Horner’s Syndrome

139
Q

Light is shone in normal eye and pupils constrict, the other abnormal eye, pupils dilate

Brain does not receive message. Afferent Pupil defect

A

Marcus Gunn Pupil

140
Q

Bilateral disc edema caused by mass, thrombosis, meningitis, idiopathic ICHTN Pseudomoto cerbri fat women.

HA, NV, transient vison loss, pulsatile tinnitus. can –> 6th CN palsy. Requires MRI

A

Papilledema

141
Q

Pseudomotor Cerebri Tx

A

Weight loss, Acetazolamide, Furosemide, NeuroSx shunt.

142
Q

Disc swelling from inflammation from thrombosis. Sudden painless VA loss, Assoc. w DM, HTN, Amourosis fugax

Freq noted on walking in the morning.

A

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

143
Q

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Tx

A

NAION None arterial Ischemic Optic neuropathy
ASA resolves w/I 8 wks

AION- Systemic Steroids 250 mg IV q 6hrs, 72 hrs, then PO. Temporal Biopsy

144
Q

Unilateral painful vision loss over several hours or days. results from demyelination of the optic nerve.

Orbital pain especially w EOM, decreased color visions, normal disc 2/3 of pts. MRI required

A

Optic Neuritis Multiple Sclerosis MC

145
Q

Optic Neuritis Tx

A

Pulsed IV steroid f/u w 11-14 day PO taper

DO NOT start po steroid Increases recurrent rate

146
Q

Objects appear tilted , pt may adopt a head tilt to minimize diplopia. Eye does not depress well when adducted

Does not look as far down. MRI if < 45 y/o or other CN involved

A

Fourth cranial nerve palsy

147
Q

Horizontal diplopia, HA or periorbital pain, abduction deficit. Pt adopts head turn position min. diplopia

A

CN VI Palsy

148
Q

hemorrhages, micro-aneurysms, exudates, may include profound vision loss, and new vessel growth

may lead to swelling of the macula from extremely fragile vessels

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

149
Q

Types of Diabetic Retinopathy

A

Nonproliferative and proliferative

150
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy that includes hemorrhages, micro-aneurysms, exudates Mild-mod-sev

A

Nonproliferative

151
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy that includes profound vision loss, and new vessel growth from ischemia.

Lacy fine vessels seen, pre-retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, dot and blot hemorrhages, loss of red reflex

A

proliferative Diabetic retinopathy

152
Q

proliferative Diabetic retinopathy Tx

A

Tight Glycemic control, Photocoagulation laser sx

153
Q

Earliest detectable clinical alteration, microaneurysms leak through incr. permeability. Accumulates at fovea

A

Diabetic Macular Edema

154
Q

Diffuse arteriolar narrowing- blood vessel wall virtually invisible copper wire vessel, yellowing of the light reflex

silver wire sclerosis of the vessels, AV nicking, 2;3 AV ration change

A

Hypertensive Retinopathy

155
Q

Extreme sudden vision loss, HA, scalp and temple tenderness, myalgia, Low grade fever, jaw claudication

< 50 rare, 60 > MC cases pale optic disc swelling, 3rd 4th or 6th cranial nerve palsy

A

Giant cell Arteritis

156
Q

Giant cell Arteritis work-up

A

ESR immediate, Temporal biopsy,

Tx IV methylprednisone 250 mg IV q 6hrs, 72hrs, PO daily

157
Q

Autoimmune DO of NM junction, variable weakness of voluntary muscles (Multiple muscles), improves w rest and worsens w activity

Variable ptosis, visible fatigue w sustained up gaze.
Icepack X2 min, if improvement = Positive

A

Myasthenia Gravis

158
Q

Myasthenia Gravis Tx

A

Edrophonium Chloride tensilon testing

Acetylcholine Receptor AB test

Tx: Pyridostigmine and prednisone

159
Q

Keratic precipitates (Stellate Shapes) and vitrous cells, hemorrhages with retinal whitening.

A

HIV Aids

TX: Ganciclovir or Foscarnet

160
Q

Systemic multisystem collagen vascular disease. FB sensation, corneal ulcer, scleral thinning slow and painless.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

161
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis Tx

A

preservative free art tears

No steroids Increase risk of corneal perforation

162
Q

MC malignancy in eyelid

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

163
Q

MC malignancy in conjunctiva

A

Squamous cell Carcinoma

164
Q

tumor that develops in the cell of the retina under age 5

A

Retinoblastoma

165
Q

Non-malignant tumor in CNS composed of astrocytes

A

Astrocytoma

166
Q

Typically 5-40 y/o 1-3mm brown/red deposit at peripheral cornea.

S/S cirrhosis, Neuro DO, Psych issues, Renal dz

A

Wilsons Diease ( Kayser-Flaischer ring)

Subscapular copper deposit - sunflower cataract

167
Q

Whorls on the corneal epithelium

A

Amiodarone drug use

168
Q

Blurred vision and night blindness (RA Tx >5yrs)

Macular pigment stippling “Bulls eye”

A

Chloroquine Drug use

169
Q

yellow orange vision

A

Digoxin

170
Q

Visual field loss with drugs

A

Ethambutol

171
Q

color vision loss use w drugs

A

Isoniazid

172
Q

inflammation and infection of the eyelid, warm erythematous tenderness, pain diplopia, periorbital swelling

Low grade fever, proptosis, reduced ocular motility, pain with EOM, decr. pupil response

A

Orbital cellulitis

173
Q

inflammation and infection of the eyelid. periorbital swelling swollen lids, No pain w EOM

No restricted Ocular motility, no proptosis, no optic neuropathy

A

Preseptal Cellulitis

174
Q

Orbital cellulitis Tx

A

Broad spectrum IV Abx. X 72hrs, then po X 1 wk
Vancomycin + Ampicillin-sulbactam.

Sx drainage if no response X 2-3 days

175
Q

Preseptal Cellulitis Tx

A

PO Abx if Mild

IV abx if toxic or noncompliant or
No improvement w/I 48 hrs child< 5 y/o

176
Q

Hx of welding or sunlamp. requires lid eversion and fluorescein instillation.

Tx

A

Ultraviolet Keratitis

Cyclopentolate, Erythromycin qid, patch affected eye

177
Q

copious irrigation for 30 min. or 2 L LR more close to tear Ph. Evert eyelids IOP should be assessed

Scopolamine post irrigation, Erythromycin, IOP control

A

Chemical Injury

178
Q

Lid Laceration work up

A

R/o Optic nerve injury. Ct if globe involved

Evaluate ptosis- Levator Muscle injury

Tetanus Imm.

Optho if canalicular system, ptosis, globe, orbit fat, more than 1/3 of tissue

179
Q

Posterior Uveitis MC Cause

A

Toxoplasmosis Black Eschar in Fundus

180
Q

Homonymous Hemianopia

A

Same side in both eyes

181
Q

Hemianopia

A

Loss of entire half of the visual field

182
Q

Leading cause of blindness in US for ages 20-64

A

Diabetes

Opthamology Phase II (1 decks)

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