Optho Flashcards
Post-trauma, can’t look up, orbit is deformed. DX?
Blow-out fx
Acute visual loss in one eye. Floaters/flashers. Curtain being drawn over eye. Relatve afferent pupillary defect. Flapping in vitreous humor on exam. DX?
Retinal detachment
Leading cause of irreversible central vision loss
macular degeneration
Insidious onset; gradual loss of vision. Drusen deposits on Bruch’s membrane
Macular degeneration
Sudden, painless unilat loss of vision. Narrowing, separtation of arterial flow (box-carring) and perifoveal atrophy (cherry red spot). Retinal edema. Optic atrophy and pale retina
CRAO
Sudden, unilat painless vision. Afferent pupillary defect present. “blood and thunder retina”.
CRVO
Leading cause of blindness in adults in US
DM retinopathy
gradual, translucent yellow discoloration of lens. On fundocscopy appears black on red background.
cataract
Painful eye and loss of vision. Circumlimbal injection, steamy cornea, fixed mid-dilated pupil. Decreased visual acuity. IOP elevated. May have N/V and diaphoresis.
Angle-closure glaucoma
Chronic, asymptomatic, possibly blinding disease. Increased IOP, defects in peripheral visual field. Increased cup-to-disc ratio.
Open-angle glaucoma.
MC in children, s/p sinus infection, dental infec, etc. Presents w ptosis, eyelid edema, exophthalmos, d/c and conjunctivitis.
Orbital cellulitis.
Med emerg - requires hospitalization and broad-spec IV abx.
Dacryostenosis
common in newborn
resolves usu by 9 months
warm compress and massage
Common bugs of dacryocystitis
S aureus, B hem strep, staph epidermidis, candida
Rims of eyelids are red with adhering eyelashes. Dandruff-like deposits seen with scale.
Blepharitis.
Tx with diluted baby shampoo on cotton swab
Sty; infec of gland of Moll or Zeis. Adjacent to edge of palpebral margin
external hordeola
Inflamm and infec of meibomian gland. Deep from palpebral margin
internal hordeola
MCC bacteria in hordeolum
Staph aureus
*not contagious
MCC viral conjunctivits
adenovirus 3, 8, 19
Acute onset of unilateral/bilateral erythema of conjunctiva, copious watery d/c, and ipsilateral tender pre-auicular node
Viral conjunctivitis
Acute onset of copious, purulent d/c from eye. Spreads to both. Eyes matted shut.
Bacterial conjunctivitis
MC pathogen in bacterial conjunctivitis
Strep pneumo, staph aureus, H aegyptius, Moraxella
Lab of bac conjunctivitis
Gram stain shows PMNs.
Chlamydia shows no organisms
Gon shows gram-neg diplococci
What will result if strabismus is not corrected by age 2 (condition)?
amblyopia
reduced visual acuity not correctable by refractive means
