Optho Flashcards

1
Q

Micropthalmos

A

congenitally small globe +/- abnormalities
animal was born with an abnormal eye
+/- vision present
pupils tend to not dilate well

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2
Q

Exopthalmos

A

prominant (NOT enlarged) globe
difficult to retropulse, conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, +/- oral cavity lesions bc there is no bone in the ventral orbit, elevated 3rd eyelid

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3
Q

What are the big 2 etiologies of exopthalmos?

A

retrobulbar cellulitis/ abscess is the major concern as well as neoplasia

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4
Q

How do we determine bupthalmos (enlarged eye) vs exopthalmos

A

usually eyes that are being pushed forward don’t have concurrent eye disease

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5
Q

Enopthalmos

A

decreased volume of orbital contents
globe looks “sunken” into orbit

common owner complaint: eye has “rolled back” into head when really it is the prolapsed 3rd eyelid

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6
Q

Etiologies of enopthalmos

A

Pain
atrophy of retrobulbar fat
atrophy of muscle tissue in the orbit
dehydration
horners syndrome
skull fracture

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7
Q

Proptosis

A

forward displacement of the globe
the lid margins are behind the globe equator of the eye
proptosis is an emergency
grave visual prognosis of the eye

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8
Q

Pthisis Bulbi

A

chronic, diffuse intraocular inflammation with contraction may result in a shrunken, disorganized, atrophic globe

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9
Q

Enucleation techniques (2)

A

Subconjunctival approach
-dissect under conjunctiva

Transpalpebral approach
-lid margin. conjunctiva and eye are taken out all together

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10
Q

What are the complications that can occur with enucleation

A

hemorrhage (incision/ nares)
pain
draining fistula or orbital swelling (retained lacrimal tissue)
orbital infection - rare
orbital emphysema

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11
Q

Exenteration

A

sx removal of globe + orbital contents (extrocular muscles) down to the bone
-not as cosmetically pleasing
-leaves a deeper cavitation behind

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12
Q

What procedures are considered “comfort procedures” in opthalmology + when do we do them?

A

performed in patients that are blind + painful
-enucleation
-intraocular prosthesis
-chemical ciliary body ablation (k9 only)

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13
Q

Entropion

A

inward rotation of part or all of the eyelid margin
-periocular skin + fur rubs against the cornea + irritation + scarring

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14
Q

CS of entropion

A

blepharospasms (squint)
epiphora (tearing)
rubbing
+/- secondary corneal ulceration
may see mucopurulent ocular discharge
+/- pigment loss of eyelid in a region that is constantly moist

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15
Q

Etiology of enopthalmos

A

-enopthalmosis - senile atrophy of retrobulbar tissue
-spastic
Cicatrical: secondary to scarring
Anatomical: MUST correct underlyin gproblem before sx repair

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16
Q

Post- op for entropion

A

-rigid e-collar until every single suture has been removed
-cool eyelid compress
-gently clean out ocular discharge
-topical or systemic anbx
-oral anti-inflammatories + pain meds

17
Q

Ectropion

A

eversion of the eyelid margin
primary cs in conjunctivitis

18
Q

Distichia

A

most are asymptomatic
extra cilia arising from the meibomian gland opening at eyelid margin

19
Q

Chalazion

A

enlargement of the meibomian gland due to blockage of duct + collection of secretory byproducts

generally painless

20
Q

T or F manually express infections at the eyelid margin as a part of treatment

A

False! don’t manually express!

21
Q

Etiologies of blepharitis

A

self trauma, infectious, allergic, autoimmune, Staphylococcus hypesensitivity!!!!!!! (most commonly all 4 lids are involved simultaneously!

22
Q

Meibomina gland tumors

A

adenoma + adenocarcinoma
most common in middle aged to older dogs
clinically benign- build up of sebaceous material

sx excision at the eyelid margin alone is only a temporary solution

tx of choice: sx debulk + cryotherapy or eyelid wedge resection