Optho Flashcards
Micropthalmos
congenitally small globe +/- abnormalities
animal was born with an abnormal eye
+/- vision present
pupils tend to not dilate well
Exopthalmos
prominant (NOT enlarged) globe
difficult to retropulse, conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, +/- oral cavity lesions bc there is no bone in the ventral orbit, elevated 3rd eyelid
What are the big 2 etiologies of exopthalmos?
retrobulbar cellulitis/ abscess is the major concern as well as neoplasia
How do we determine bupthalmos (enlarged eye) vs exopthalmos
usually eyes that are being pushed forward don’t have concurrent eye disease
Enopthalmos
decreased volume of orbital contents
globe looks “sunken” into orbit
common owner complaint: eye has “rolled back” into head when really it is the prolapsed 3rd eyelid
Etiologies of enopthalmos
Pain
atrophy of retrobulbar fat
atrophy of muscle tissue in the orbit
dehydration
horners syndrome
skull fracture
Proptosis
forward displacement of the globe
the lid margins are behind the globe equator of the eye
proptosis is an emergency
grave visual prognosis of the eye
Pthisis Bulbi
chronic, diffuse intraocular inflammation with contraction may result in a shrunken, disorganized, atrophic globe
Enucleation techniques (2)
Subconjunctival approach
-dissect under conjunctiva
Transpalpebral approach
-lid margin. conjunctiva and eye are taken out all together
What are the complications that can occur with enucleation
hemorrhage (incision/ nares)
pain
draining fistula or orbital swelling (retained lacrimal tissue)
orbital infection - rare
orbital emphysema
Exenteration
sx removal of globe + orbital contents (extrocular muscles) down to the bone
-not as cosmetically pleasing
-leaves a deeper cavitation behind
What procedures are considered “comfort procedures” in opthalmology + when do we do them?
performed in patients that are blind + painful
-enucleation
-intraocular prosthesis
-chemical ciliary body ablation (k9 only)
Entropion
inward rotation of part or all of the eyelid margin
-periocular skin + fur rubs against the cornea + irritation + scarring
CS of entropion
blepharospasms (squint)
epiphora (tearing)
rubbing
+/- secondary corneal ulceration
may see mucopurulent ocular discharge
+/- pigment loss of eyelid in a region that is constantly moist
Etiology of enopthalmos
-enopthalmosis - senile atrophy of retrobulbar tissue
-spastic
Cicatrical: secondary to scarring
Anatomical: MUST correct underlyin gproblem before sx repair