opthalmology peer teaching Flashcards
clinical features of ARMD
Ix?
central visual loss
wavy lines
poor night vision
Ix:
amsler grid
ocular coherence tomogrpahy
fluorescein angiography
Tx of ARMD
dry - zinc / vitamin A/C/E
wet - give injections to dampen down the growth of the new vessels (anti-VEGF)
what is the latin for grape?
Uvea is latin for grape (hence why ant uveitis is iritis)
**remember – when looking at a picture of a retina – if the optic nerve is on the RT, it is the right eye…
pathophys
investigations of diabetic retinopathy?
management?
insufficient
Ix: OCT / FA
Management: Laser (kills of outer parts of vessels
Oedema - steroids
Anti-VEGF to stop new vessels forming
glacouma -
what is it and what is it often assoc with?
chronic neurodegenrative disease of optic nerve
increase IOP
clinical features of glaucoma]
investigations?
medical treatments?
chronic visual loss
tunnel vision
strong FHx
Cup:Disc ratio >0.66
PG analogues -iatanoprost - increases uveoscleral outflow - ADR is increase eyelash length
B-blocekrs - timolol - decreases aqueous production - CI in asthmatics / heart failure etc…
Papillodema - causes?
Raised ICP!!
sol
iih
hydrocephalus
causes of horner’s syndrome? split into central / preganglionic and post-ganglionic
clinical features
central - stroke / ms
pre-ganglionic - pancoast tumour
post gang - carotid artery dissection
ptosis
meiosis
anhydrosis
pseuo-enopthalmos
what is the most common Ca on the eyelid?
BCC
which out of an ectropion or entropion is more worrying?
entropion - eyelashes can damage globe
causes of dry eye?
idiopathic?
sjogren’s (RA / SLE / scleroderma) - WILL ALSO HAVE A DRY MOUTH
management:
artificial tears::
punctal plugs (stop tears draining)
topical antiinflammatories
Keratitis - define
why is it so painful?
infection of cornea
cornea has highest concentration of pain receptor neurones in the body
what do you see in the eye of someone with ant uveitis?
what is it associated with?
HLA-B27 - ank spond / reactive arthritis
what is scleritis associated with?
RA
cherry red spot - what does this make you think of?
how do you differentiate between the two?
central retinal artery / vein occlusion..
artery - blood can’t get into retina, pale
vein - blood can’t get out of retina - lots of bleeding / blood etc…
