Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of dendritic ulcer

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

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2
Q

Dendritic ulcer

A

Causes corneal ulcer

Photophobia and eye watering

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3
Q

Diagnosing corneal ulcer

A

Fluoroscein drops

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4
Q

Treating dendritic ulcer

A

Do not give steroids without acyclovir cover - may cause corneal scarring

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5
Q

Symptoms of orbital cellulitis

A

Painful inflammation of the orbit
Fever
Lid swelling
Decreased eye movements

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6
Q

Common bugs for orbital cellulitis

A

Staphs, Strep pyogenes/pneumoniae

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7
Q

Management of orbital cellulitis

A

CT

IV Abx

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8
Q

Symptoms of ophthalmic shingles

A

Purulent conjunctivitis, visual loss, episcleritis/scleritis, cranial nerve palsy, optic atrophy, blistering rash, corneal signs and iritis.

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9
Q

Hutchinsons sign

A

Shingles

Involvement of nose tip means involvement of nasociliary branch of trigeminal nerve which supplies the globe therefore eye likely to be affected

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10
Q

Treating opthalmic shingles

A

Oral antiviral within four days of onset

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11
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Diffuse injection
Gritty pain
Bilateral often
Normal vision, pupil size and IOP

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12
Q

Keratitis

A
Diffuse injection
Gritty pain
Photophobia
Reduced vision
Normal pupil and IOP
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13
Q

Anterior Uveitis (Iritis)

A
Circumcorneal injection 
Painful photophobia
Reduced vision
Constricted pupil
Normal or raised IOP
HLAB27 associations - psoriatic arthritis, ank spond, IBD, sarcoidosis, TB
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14
Q

Acute glaucoma

A
Diffuse injection
Unilateral
Severe pain and nausea
Mild photophobia
Reduced vision
FIXED MID DILATED PUPIL
Raised IOP
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15
Q

Classic Triad of redness, pain and photophobia

A

Anterior Uveitis

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16
Q

Treatment of anterior Uveitis

A

Topical steroid eg dexamethasone

Dilate pupil with cyclopentolate to prevent formation of posterior synethechiae

If IOP raised use beta Blockers and lantoprost or acetazolamide

17
Q

Differences in episcleritis and scleritis

A

Scleritis = painful

Scleritis = associated with RA, Wegeners etc. Associated Uveitis common

Episcleritis = redness improves in phenylephrine test

Episcleritis = associated with gout, recurrent, nodules may occur, self limiting

18
Q

Treatment of episcleritis

A

Self limiting

Lubricants/topical NSAIDs/ mild steroids

19
Q

Treatment of scleritis

A

Oral NSAIDs

Oral steroids

Steroid sparing agents

20
Q

Treatment of angle closure glaucoma

A

IV Acetazolamide (reduce IOP)

Pilocarpine (constrict pupil and improve aqueous outflow)

Beta Blockers and prostaglandin analogues