Opthalmology Flashcards
lens cells continue to grow as we get older - what 3 things does this put us at risk of?
presbyopia (longsightedness due to stiffness ie cannot accommodate)
cataract
closed angle glaucoma
what is the fovea
small central area of macula containing highest density of cones and thus providing highest visual acuity
give DDx for painful red eye with no visual loss
conjunctivitis corneal abrasion corneal opacity blepharitis chalazion (meibonium cyst) episcleritis subconjunctival haemorrhage
give DDx for painful red eye with visual loss
trauma corneal ulcer orbital cellulitis herpes zoster ophthalmicus uveitis acute angle glaucome
give DDx for sudden painless loss of vision
Ischaemic optic neuropathy (due to GCA, HTN, DM)
occlusion of central retinal vein
occlusion of central retinal artery
vitreous haemorrhage (DM)
retinal detachment (myopia, age, surgery, marfans, DM)
TIA amaurosis fugax
MS demyelinating optic neuritis
give DDx for subacute painless loss of vision
cataract
macular degeneration
retinitis pigmentosum
open angle glaucoma
what does the pupil look like in uveitis?
small fixed oval pupil
+/- hypopyon
what is normal IOP?
IOP in open angle glaucoma?
IOP in closed angle glaucoma?
15-20 mmHg
>20
>30
what does pupil look like in closed angle glaucoma?
dilated
is RA, SLE, Ank Spond, IBD associated with episcleritis or uveitis?
RA and SLE: episcleritis ( inflam of layer between sclera and bulbar conjunctiva)
AS and IBD: uveitis (normally anterior ie the iris)
in herpes zoster ophthalmicus, what branch of which CN is involved?
what is involvement of nose tip called?
1st branch CN5
Hutchinson’s sign
what is the topical Abx in ophthal called
chloramphenicol