Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

lens cells continue to grow as we get older - what 3 things does this put us at risk of?

A

presbyopia (longsightedness due to stiffness ie cannot accommodate)
cataract
closed angle glaucoma

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2
Q

what is the fovea

A

small central area of macula containing highest density of cones and thus providing highest visual acuity

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3
Q

give DDx for painful red eye with no visual loss

A
conjunctivitis
corneal abrasion
corneal opacity
blepharitis 
chalazion (meibonium cyst)
episcleritis 
subconjunctival haemorrhage
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4
Q

give DDx for painful red eye with visual loss

A
trauma
corneal ulcer
orbital cellulitis
herpes zoster ophthalmicus
uveitis
acute angle glaucome
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5
Q

give DDx for sudden painless loss of vision

A

Ischaemic optic neuropathy (due to GCA, HTN, DM)
occlusion of central retinal vein
occlusion of central retinal artery
vitreous haemorrhage (DM)
retinal detachment (myopia, age, surgery, marfans, DM)
TIA amaurosis fugax
MS demyelinating optic neuritis

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6
Q

give DDx for subacute painless loss of vision

A

cataract
macular degeneration
retinitis pigmentosum
open angle glaucoma

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7
Q

what does the pupil look like in uveitis?

A

small fixed oval pupil

+/- hypopyon

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8
Q

what is normal IOP?
IOP in open angle glaucoma?
IOP in closed angle glaucoma?

A

15-20 mmHg
>20
>30

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9
Q

what does pupil look like in closed angle glaucoma?

A

dilated

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10
Q

is RA, SLE, Ank Spond, IBD associated with episcleritis or uveitis?

A

RA and SLE: episcleritis ( inflam of layer between sclera and bulbar conjunctiva)

AS and IBD: uveitis (normally anterior ie the iris)

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11
Q

in herpes zoster ophthalmicus, what branch of which CN is involved?
what is involvement of nose tip called?

A

1st branch CN5

Hutchinson’s sign

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12
Q

what is the topical Abx in ophthal called

A

chloramphenicol

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