Opthalmology

Question 1

risk factors for closed angle glaucoma

Answer 1

Female
increasing age
chinese/ east asian
shallow anterior chamber
hypermetropia
lens growth associated with age
pupillary dilatation
FH

Question 2

medications causing glaucoma

Answer 2

noradrenaline
oxybutynin, solifenacin
amitryptylline
steroids

Question 3

CRVO features

Answer 3

flame and dot haemorrhages
optic disc oedema
macular oedema
stormy sunset: hyperaemia and haemorrhages

Question 4

CRVO management

Answer 4

opthalmology referral
laser photocoagulation
intravitreal steroids
anti-VEGF therapies

Question 5

CRAO management

Answer 5

ocular massage
inhaling carbogen
sublingual isosorbide dinitrate

Question 6

open-angle glaucoma fundoscopy

Answer 6

optic disc cupping >0.7
optic disc pallor
bayonetting of vessels
cup notching
disc haemorrhages

Question 7

open angle glaucoma investigations

Answer 7

automated perimetry
slit lamp
goldmann applanation tonometry
central corneal thickness measurement
gonioscopy

Question 8

prostaglandin analogues names

Answer 8

xalatan

lumigan

Question 9

prostaglandin side effects

Answer 9

brown pigmentation of iris
eyelid pigmentation
increased eyelash length

Question 10

sympathomimetics SE

Answer 10

MAOi or TCA concurrent use contraindicated

hyperaemia

Question 11

complications of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 11

retinal detachment
vitreous haemorrhage
rubeosis iridis
optic neuropathy
cataracts

Question 12

risk factors for orbital cellulitis

Answer 12

HiB unvaccinated
recent eyelid infection/ insect bite
ear/facial infection
previous sinus infection
childhood

Question 13

risk factors for retinal detachment

Answer 13

retinal malignancy
age
diabetic retinopathy
posterior vitreous detachment 
cataract surgery
myopia
eye traima
FH

Question 14

management of retinal detachment

Answer 14

vitrectomy
scleral buckling
pneumatic retinopexy

Question 15

conditions associated with scleritis

Answer 15

rheumatoid arthritis
SLE
IBD
sarcoidosis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Question 16

acute anterior uveitis associations

Answer 16

IBD
ankylosing spondylitis
HLA B27 related conditions
reactive arthritis
juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Question 17

chronic anterior uveitis associations

Answer 17

sarcoidosis
syphilis
lyme disease
TB
herpes

Question 18

anterior uveitis features

Answer 18

small, irregular pupil
photophobia
blurred vision
red eye
lacrimation
ciliary flush
hypopyon 
visual acuity initially normal

Question 19

anterior uveitis management

Answer 19

urgent review by opthalmology
cycloplegics: atropine, cyclopentolate
steroid eye drops

Question 20

causes of RAPD

Answer 20

Any optic nerve pathology before the chiasm

Severe retinal pathology- retinal detachment, CRVO, CRAO

Optic neuritis

Optic nerve tumours, glioma, meningioma

Trauma to optic nerve, I.e. surgery

Pressure on optic nerve (TED)

Advanced unilateral glaucoma

Question 21

elevation, intorsion, adduction

Answer 21

SR

Question 22

depression, extorsion, adduction

Answer 22

IR

Question 23

intorsion, depression, abduction

Answer 23

SO

Question 24

extorsion, elevation, abduction

Answer 24

IO

Question 25

causes of tunnel vision

Answer 25

papilloedema
glaucoma
retinitis pigmentosa
choroidoretinitis
optic atrophy secondary to tabes dorsalis
hysteria