Opthalmic Emergencies Flashcards
The cornea is innervated by sensory fibers via the ______________ division of the ____________
opthalmic, trigeminal nerve
Pain and photophobia= ______________
corneal issue
Redness of the eye without photophobia = _______________
inflammation of the conjunctiva
What is the pinhole technique?
it differentiates between refractive vs pathologic. If cant see “E” assess finger counting, movement, or left perception
What is a refractive error?
decreased vision due to shape of the eye. The altered shape prevents light from focusing on the retina
Constricted pupils
miosis
Dilated pupils
mydriasis
Anisocoria
unequal pupils. However, it can be normal if 1mm of one another
Afferent pupillary defect (APD) is an ____________ disorder
optic nerve
Extraocular muscles chart
What is a slit lamp?
a microscope with a light-source. It uses a slit of light to illuminate different structures of the eye at different angles. White light or blue light (when using fluorescein)
Which parts of the eye does a slit lamp help evaluate?
anterior segment of the eye including cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, AC, iris, lens
What is a fluorescein dye?
stains the cornea to pick up corneal abrasions/ulcerations, foreign body, conjunctival lacerations
__________test identifies corneal perforations
Seidel
__________ assesses intraocular pressure. Normal IOP is _________mmHg.
Tonometry (tonopen), 10-21
When doing an eye exam, you dont want to use anesthetic agents such as ___________ and ____________ because it is toxic to the cornea and it is used to examine, NOT TREAT.
tetracaine, proparacaine.
What do you want to consider on exam if the patient has mydriasis?
- was this patient premedicated with cycloplegic agent ?(intends for fixed dilation, paralyzes iris so helps with spasm pain)
- recent scopolamine patch (motion sickness, nausea, post op, GI, if pt rubs eye, can cause dilation of pupils)
___________ is a _________ infection involving the gland of the eyelid. It is a painful erythematous nodule that can present with a small pustule on the lash line. What is the treatment?
Hordeolum (stye), staph.
It is treated with warm compress, erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
__________ is chronic inflammation of the eyelid due to blockage of the meibomian gland. It is a firm, painless lump in lid or lid margin. What is the treatment?
Chalazion. warm compress, doxy
What are the signs associated with viral conjunctivitis ?
conjunctival follicles, preauricular nodes, watery discharge, starts unilat then bilat
What are the symptoms of viral conjunctivitis?
redness, itching, burning, tearing, foreign body sensation, history of URI
What is the treatment for viral conjunctivitis?
self limiting, supportive therapy
course usually lasts 2-3 weeks
discontinue contact lens, handwashing
What are the signs of bacterial conjunctivitis?
conjunctival papillae
mucopurulent discharge
starts unilat may become bilat
What are the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis?
redness, FB sensation, discharge. itching is much less prominent
What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
topical antibiotics 4 times daily for 5-7 day.
trimpethoprim/polymyxin B or fluoroquinolones.
What are the signs of allergic conjunctivitis?
conjunctival papillae
preauricular nodes
water or stringy discharge
usually bilat
What are the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis?
redness, itching, tearing
What is the treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?
Mild-mod topical antihistamines/mast cell stabilizers.
Severe: topical steroids