opthalmic drugs

Question 1

flourescein dye

Answer 1

staining agent
shows “dentritic figures” of herpes keratitis
uses a dry stirp moistened with saline and placed to lower lid
will stain contact lenses

Question 2

mydriatics

Answer 2

dilate the pupil

*homoc…

Question 3

cycloplegics

Answer 3

cause paralysis of accomodation

*homo…

Question 4

miotics

Answer 4

cause pupillary constriction

**pap….

Question 5

cyclosporine/ restasis

Answer 5

Immunosuppressant
for chronic dry eye- wetting agent for dry eyes- originally marketed to prevent tissue rejection after transplant
MOA- T-cell inhibition allows for a dec in inflam’n & inc in tear production
containdications- infections & contact lens use

Question 6

tetrahydrozoline/ visine

Answer 6

occular astringent- redness reliever
MOA- vasoconstriciton
used to “get the red out’ or allergies
SE- local irritation, rebound vasodialaiton

Question 7

Azelastine/ Optivar

Answer 7

occular antihistamine
MOA- blocks H1 receptor sites
for allergic conjunctivitis

Question 8

Ketorolac/ Acular

Answer 8

ocular NSAID
MOA- cyclooxygenase inhibitor
for ocular discomfort from swelling
SE- local irritation, limited systemic absorption, does not have the inc risk of cataracts or drug induced glaucoma like ocualr steroids

Question 9

bacitracin-polymyxin B/ Polysporin Opthalmic

Answer 9

antibiotic
for bacterical conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal ulcers, styes, infx’d tear ducts, prophylaxis after corneal abrasion
MOA- inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. bactericidal
may be solutions or ointments, applied in differnt time schedules
SE- local irritiaton, limited systemic absorption

Question 10

vidarabine/ Ara-A

Answer 10

antiviral, specific for HSV
for herpes simplex keratoconjunctivitis
MOA- inhibits viral DNA synthesis
ineffective against zoster since the lesions are deeper in the cornea- can not be reached

Question 11

Timolol/ Timoptic

Answer 11

ocular beta-adrenergic antagonist
for glaucoma
MOA- blocs ocular effects of epinephrine- reduces the production of aqueous humor
SE- systemic absorption may result in worsening of asthma or emphysema, low BP, fatigue, impotence

Question 12

latanoprost/ xalatan

Answer 12

selective prostaglandin receptor agonist- increases uveoscleral outflow- reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma
SE- generally few- local irritation, possible darkening of the iris to brown, lengthening & thickening of the eyelashes

Question 13

pilocarpine

Answer 13

miotic agents that allows for increased outflow of aqueous humor
MOA- cholinergic agonists(parasympathetic)

Question 14

therapeutic options for opthalmic agents

Answer 14

lubricants
vasoconstrictive agents
antihistamines
anti-inflammatory agents- ocular steroids, ocular NSAIDS
antimicrobial agents
glaucoma agents

Question 15

anesthetic agent

Answer 15

**opthane

Question 16

opthalmic medication delivery

Answer 16

solutions
gels
ointments
medicated contact lenses
collagen shields
injections