Opthalm

Question 1

Causes of unilateral sudden blindness and how to differentiate

Answer 1

• Central artery occlusion
  
  • _​_painless
  • caused by arthsclerotic disease in older patients
  • giant cell arthritis in younger
  • “cherry red spot,” with surrounding pale retina on fundoscopy
• non-arteritic or arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy
  
  • _​_Usually >70yrs
  • RF: HTN diabetes smoking
  • Painless
  • Usually lose half of vision, happens on waking
  • Pupil reaction deficit in same eye
  • Swollen optic disc
• retinal detachment
  
  • • acute angle closure glaucoma.
• Giant Cell Arteritis
• • • The symptoms of which include, temporal headache, lethargy, weight loss, jaw claudication, symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica and in the case of angle closure glaucoma, pain in and around the eye.

Question 2

what is non-arteritic or arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy

Answer 2

arteritic- loss of vision due to inflammatory disease of arteries in the head called temporal arteritis

non-arteitic - due to non-inflammatory disease of small blood vessels aka giant cell arteritis/temporal arthritis