Opthal

Question 1

What is the treatment for Diabetic Macular Oedema?

Answer 1

Inject with Anti-VEGF

Can also inject with steroids but risk of secondary open angle glaucoma or increased risk of cateracts

Also must control underlying condition

Question 2

What is there an increased risk of with vitreous hemorrhage?

Answer 2

Increased risk of retinal detachment

Question 3

What surgical procedure is performed in the Rx of retinal detachment?

Answer 3

Vitrectomy / Buckle

Question 4

What is the risk with a full thickness tear of the cornea?

Answer 4

Prolapse of pupil

Site of infection

Question 5

What is the Seidel’s Test?

Answer 5

Use of florescence + blue light on slit lamp to identify damage to the cornea or other abrasions to the surface of the eye

Question 6

What surgical procedure is performed in a Retrobulbar Haemorrhage?

Answer 6

Canthotomy and Cantholysis

Excision at the lateral edge of eye to release pressure, therefore reducing pressure on the Optic Nerve

Question 7

What test should you perform to evaluate the integrity of the optic nerve in a patient with a Retrobulbar Haemorrhage?

Answer 7

RAPD

Question 8

What pathology may result in an arcuate scotoma?

Answer 8

Glaucomatous damage

Question 9

Name some sight-threatening causes of red eye

Answer 9

Acute Glaucoma
Acute Iritis
Corneal Ulcers

Question 10

What are the cardinal signs of AACG?

Answer 10

N&V
Halos around lights at night
Corneal oedema (haze)
Reduced vision / visual acuity
Red eye
Fixed dilated pupil

Question 11

What is the immediate treatment for AACG?

Answer 11

Pilocarpine drops (miosis opens block)
Acetazolamide drops (reduces aq formation)

Question 12

What surgical intervention is performed in AACG?

Answer 12

Peripheral irredectomy

Question 13

What is the typical presentation of acute iritis?

Answer 13

Pain
Red eye
Photophobia
Reduced visual acuity
Circum-corneal injection
Constricted pupil (from ciliary spasms)
Lacrimation

Question 14

What is the tablot’s test?

Answer 14

Tests for Anterior Uveitis (Iritis)

+VE: Pain as eyes converge and pupils constrict (bring finger closer to nose)

Question 15

What is the treatment for acute iritis?

Answer 15

Steroid drops every 2h to reduce inflammation

Cyclopentolate drops to induce mydriasis and reduce adhesion between lens and iris

Question 16

How may a typical conjuctivitis present?

Answer 16

Pain and photophobia
Red eye
BILATERAL*

No effect to visual acuity, the cornea is intact, pupils react as normal, IOP is normal (10-21 mmHG)

*if unilateral consider alternative diagnosis e.g. AACG

Question 17

What is the DVLA requirement for vision?

Answer 17

6/12 minimum

or

120 degree vision in one eye

Question 18

What is retinal detachment?

Answer 18

Separation of the retina pigment from the neuroretina as a result of accumulation of sub-retinal fluid

Question 19

What are some common symptoms of retinal detachment?

Answer 19

Sudden
Loss or deterioration of central vision
Flashes and floaters