Opposition to & Impact of the Reformation 1534-40 Flashcards
Who were the 3 most important opposers to the reformation
John FIsher
Thomas More
Elizabeth Barton (nun)
Why did Elizabeth Barton (nun) disagree with the reformation?
She claims to have had visions where God told her that he agrees with Catholicism and if Henry divorces Catherine he will die a villians death
Why did Thomas More oppose the reformation
He believed protestantism threatens the souls of the english people
Why did Fisher oppose the reformation
he believed Catherine of Aragon was Henry’s lawfully wedded wife
he believed to Pope’s power was given to him by God
What theory suggests that Barton did not actually have visions from God?
clergy men who disagreed with the reformation had exploited her
How was Elizabeth Barton dealt with by Cromwell?
Forced to confess her lies in 1533
Then executed and Londoners had to sign to Oath of Succession the same day
How was John Fisher dealt with by Cromwell?
Charged with treason in 1533 and fined £300
executed in 1534 when he publicly opposed the Oath of Succession
What did the Pope do to try and persuade Henry not to kill Fisher?
the Pope made Fisher a bishop.
The plan failed and he was the only bishop executed for opposing Act of Supremacy
What did Fisher do after being fined £300 in 1535
Fisher continued to oppose Henry, he even asked Charles V to invade England
What was Thomas More’s role in 1529
Lord chancellor
Tried his best to remove protestantism. This including burning 6 protestants for their beliefs
Why did More retire from Lord chancellorship
He opposed the Break from Rome
but told the King he was simply too ill
Why did More refuse to talk about why he was unwilling to sign Oath of Succession
He knew that by admitting he opposed Henry he would be punished for treason.
How was More dealt with by Cromwell?
Kept in the Tower of London 1534-35, still hiding the fact that he denied Henry as Head of the Church
Regardless he was executed in 1535
How was the daily life of citizens affected by the Reformation?
Civilian lives were largely unaffected
When was the Act of 10 Articles
1536
What was the Act of 10 Articles
There should only be 3 sacraments instead of 7
THIS WAS A MOVE TO PROTESTANTISM
When were the Royal Injuctions
1536
What was the Royal Injunctions
- Clergy to preach about Royal Supremacy and 10 articles
- pilgrimages and religious holidays reduced (seen as catholic superstition)
What were Cromwells reforms 1537-38
1537 Bishops Book
- Returned to 7 sacraments, though the 3 protestant ones still most important.
- SLIGHT CHANGE TO CATHOLICISM
1538 Royal Injuctions
- English bibles placed in every church
- Images, statues relics to be removed from churches
- HUGE CHANGE TO PROTESTANTISM
What was Thomas Cramner’s input in introducing Protestant reforms?
He was a commited Protestant and helped write many of these changes.
However, he was very flexible which allowed him to avoid trouble with Henry, for example even executing some Protestants
When did Henry start changing England back to Catholicism?
1538
When were the Six Articles released?
1539
What the Six Articles
Text confirming Catholic beliefs such as transubstantiation and that Priests should be celibate
What did the 1538 change back to Catholicism mean for Cramner?
He had to move his wife and kids to a different country to avoid imprisonment
What was the difference between Cromwell and Cranmer in the reformation?
Cromwell enforced protestantism practically whilst Cranmer was philosophical/logical on beliefs of protestantism
What were Cranmers main achievements in the Henrician Reformation
- Declared Catherine-Henry marraige invalid
- wed anne and henry
- end pilgrimages & stop idol worship (1538 Royal Injunctions)
- Tore down Thomas Beckets shrine and collected the jewels.
