Opportunities and challenges in LIC's and NEE's Flashcards
Urbanisation
An increasing proportion of people living in urban area
Urban growth
Urban areas expanding to cover a greater area of land
LIC, MIC, HIC
Low-income country, middle-income country, high-income country
Measured by GDP per capita
NEE
Newly emerging economies
A country that has recently seen rapid economic development with a further significant growth potential
General pattern of level of development for different regions of the world
Europe is rich and well developed
Asia is all over the place
The way air quality of Chinese cities is linked to the way in which the country has been urbanising
Rates - Speed of which the city has been growing so haven’t been able to cope with it.
The factories have been built very quickly so are not as clean
Slums
Spontaneous, unplanned settlements, often built illegally on unused land on roadsides or on the edge of a city
Challenges caused by rapid urbanisation
- Safe drinking water
- Pollution
- Inadequate housing stock
- Sewage
- Jobs limited
- Traffic problems
- Corruption
Informal sector
A “fifth” sector not recognised in official government figure
Employs millions across the world, especially LIC’s
E.g. Zimbabwe’s informal sector is estimated to contribute 60% of its official GDP
What causes a large informal sector to exist in LIC cities
When large numbers migrate from rural to urban areas, there are often more people of working age than there are jobs available. Surplus labour leads to unemployment and underemployment. Employers can get away with paying very low wages in these conditions, so many people look for other ways of making a living.
Standard of living
Primarily an economic measure person’s level of wealth or income and ability to access to material goods
