OPP MSI exam 2 Flashcards
(260 cards)
1
Q
Functions of the thoracic cage
A
resiration, protection, pump for venous and lymphatic return and support structure for upper extremities
2
Q
T1-T3 lcation of spinous process
A
at level of transverse process of its own
3
Q
T4-T6 location of spinous process
A
halfway between 2 transverse processes
4
Q
T7-T9 location of spinous process
A
level of transverse process of vertebrae below it
5
Q
T10-T12
A
about the same level as it sown transverse process but not exactly equal
6
Q
definition of true ribs
A
attach directly to the sternum via chostochondral cartilage
7
Q
what ribs are true ribs
A
ribs 1-7
8
Q
definition of false ribs
A
attach to sternum via synchondrose to the costochondral cartilage of rib 7
9
Q
which ribs are false ribs
A
8-12
10
Q
which ribs are floating ribs
A
11-12
11
Q
definition of floating ribs
A
do NOT attach to the sternum AT ALL
12
Q
which ribs are typical ribs
A
ribs 3-9 and sometimes 10
13
Q
which ribs are atypical ribs
A
1,2, 11,12 and sometimes 10
14
Q
What landmarks will typical ribs have
A
tubercle, head, neck, angle, and shaft
15
Q
head of rib
A
articulates with corresponding and immediately superior vertebrae via demifacets
16
Q
what part of the rib contains the costal groove
A
shaft
17
Q
ribs _______ rotate at the ____________ joint
A
ribs 1-7 rotate at costotransverse joint
18
Q
ribs __________glide at the ________joint
A
8-10, costotransverse joint
19
Q
do ribs 11 and 12 articulate with the transverse process
A
NO!
20
Q
rib 1 is what type of joint
A
synchodrosis (non-synovial)
21
Q
ribs 2-7 are what type of joints
A
synovial articulations; plane gliding
22
Q
why is rib 2 atypical
A
because of its large tuberosity for serratus anterior
23
Q
why are ribs 11 and 12 atypical
A
articulate only with corresponding vertebrae and LACK tubercles
24
Q
why is rib 1 atypical
A
has not rib angle
25
an elevated rib 1 can affect ___________-
lower brachial plexus
26
pump handle motion is primarily ribs
ribs 2-5
27
bucket handle motion is primarily ribs
6-10
28
caliper motion is primarily ribs
11 and 12
29
motion of pump handle motion is in what plane
sagittal plane
30
pump handle motion is BEST palpated at _____________
midclavicular line
31
the axis of motion for pump handle motion is
costovertebral-costotransverse line
32
pump handle motion
ribs move anterior and superior with inhalation
33
bucket handle motion
ribs move laterally and increase transverse diameter with inhalation
34
bucket handle motion is in what plane
coronal plane
35
where is bucket handle motion best palpated ?
mid-axillary line
36
axis of motion of bucket handle ribs is
costovertebral-costosternal line
37
caliper motion
ribs EXTERNALLY rotate with inhalation
38
what is the plane of motion for caliper motion
transverse plane
39
caliper motion is best palpated
3-5 cm lateral to transverse processes
40
axis of motion for caliper motion is
vertical line
41
what are the principle muscles involved in rib elevation
diaphragm, external intercostals, and intercondroal part of internal intercostals
42
what are the accessory muscles of inspiration
sternocleidomastiod, scalenes and serratus anterior, levatores costarum
43
what muscle is also active during FORCED inspiration
pectoralis minor
44
what structures are involved in quiet breathing
passive recoil from the lungs and diaphragm relaxation
45
during active breathing what muscles are active in expiration
internal and innermost intercostals and abdominal muscles
46
accessory muscles of expiration
serratus posterior inferior and external/internal obliques and transversus abdominus and transversus thoracis
47
characteristics of inhalation SD
elevates with ease, exhalation restruction, won't move inferior with expiration
48
what is the key rib for inhalation SD
lower rib
49
exhalation SD
moves inferior with ease, inhalation restriction
50
key rib for exhalation SD
upper rib
51
sympathetic innervation comes from what spinal cord levels
T1-L2
52
parasympathetic innervation somes from
vagus and S2-S4
53
what is the definition of viscerosomatic reflex
a reflex, iritation, or disease of an internal organ results in reflex dysfunction of a segmentally related muscuoskeletal region, reflex is mediated from autonomic to somatic nerves
54
T1-T4
thoracic region
55
chapman reflexes
anterior and posterior tender points that may be the result from viscerosomatic reflexes
56
5-6 right chapman reflex
liver
57
6 and 7 right chapman reflex
gallbladder and liver
58
5 and 6 left chapman reflex
stomach acid,
59
6 and 7 left chapman reflex
stomach peristalsis
60
T4 corresponds to
sternal angle or angle of louis
61
T9 corresponds to
xiphoid process
62
L3/L4 corresponds to
umbillicus
63
boundaries for thoracic inlet
manubrium, 1st rib, and T1
64
inhalation rib stretch
flex arms 90 degrees on inhalation, hold 4-5 seconds and bring arms down in exhalation
65
inhalation rib isometrics
press firmly on lower ribs, inhale, hold and continue hand pressure during exhalation
66
exhalation abdominal stretch
put hands on upper abdominals, push abdomen while exhalating, maintain hand pressure as you inhale, hold inhalation for 4-5 seconds
67
1st rib attachment
anterior (pump) and middle scalene (bucket)
68
2nd rib attachment
posterior scalene
69
ribs 3-5 attachment
pectoralis minor pump
70
ribs 6-10 attachment
serratus anterior bucket
71
ribs 11-12 attachment
lattisimus dorsi caliper
72
rib 12
quadratus lumborum caliper
73
who said this “In all disease processes, there is hypersympathetic activity.”
Korr
74
what are the three main components of connective tissue
cells, ECM and muscles
75
ECM contains
ground substance PAG, fibers, arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerve receptors and nerves
76
what are the four layers of fascia
pannicular, investing, visceral and meningeal
77
what fascial layer is associated with myofascia
investing or deep fascia
78
functions of fascia
structural support, compartmentalization, nutritional support, immunity,lymphatics, repair, sensorimotor, communication and helps regulate cell function
79
adaptability
ability to respond to the stresses to meed needs of the system
80
plasticity
ability to be formed and molded
81
elasticity
recoverability after stretching
82
viscosity
rate of deformation under load and capability to yield under stress
83
what are the four biophysical characteristics of connective tissue/fascia
adaptability, plasticity, elasticity, and viscosity
84
colloid
non preciptating suspensoin (ie starch)
85
solgel
colloids that have properties of both solids and liquids
86
type 1 collagen
most connective tissue
87
type 2 collagen
cartilage
88
type 3 collagen
reticular fibers
89
type 4 collagen
basal lamina
90
type 5 collagen
bone minderal matrix
91
how many known types of collagen
25
92
the membrane matrix contains
integrins
93
cytoskeleton contains
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
94
nuclear matrix contains
chormatin, histones, chromatin associated proteins
95
extracellular matrix contain
collagens lamins, fibronectins and proteolgycans
96
what are the three special properties of fascia
tensegrity, piezoelectric and non-neurologial communication
97
definition of tensegrity
architectural system in which structures stabilize themselves by balancing couteracting forces of compression and tension
98
mechanotranduction
mechanical force acting on a cell membrane causes opening of mechanosensitive pores and distortion of mechanosensitive proteins resulting in signal tranduction into cell and nucleus that causes the generation of a cellular response
99
what is the piezoelectric phenomenon
mechanical stress is transformed into electrical potentials and electrical potentials are transformed into mechanical motion
100
ELF frequency
less than 100 Hz
101
"living matrix"
fascia acts as a giant liquid crystal which creates large coherent laser like vibrations secondary o molecular array oscillations
102
___________are responsible for change of tissue viscosity from sol gel
arrrays
103
______allow for rapid intercommunication outside the nervous system
arrays
104
semiconduction
arrays allow for rapid intercommunication outside of NS
105
antenna
arrays receive energy from or send energy to external environment
106
wolff's law
every change in the function of a bone is follows by DEFINITE changes in internal architexture and external conformation in accordance with mathematical laws
107
mechanical stress results in ________
bone remodeling
108
compression is (electropositive or negative) and is associated with bone (formation or resorption)
eletronegative, bone formation
109
tension is (electroposotive or negatie) and is associated with bone (formation or resportion)
positive resorption
110
hooke's law
stress applied to stretch or compress a body is proportional to the strain (chagne in length produce) so long as the limit of elasticity is not exceeded
111
the body is designed to produce __________- and ________- responses to stress in an effort to maintain ______________
ordered and precise, homeostasis
112
____________is the reactive component of fascia which handles the mechanical and internal stress it is the mediator of repiar, maintenance and healing
collagen
113
_________________ of colagen allows it to respond to chagnes in mechanical stress and bioelectrical potentials inteligently
piezoelectric
114
somatic dysfunction
impaired or alteredfunction of related components of the somatic system including sekeltal, arthrodial and myofascila elements related to vascular, lypmhatic and neural elements
115
non-neurolgical communication definition
electrical communication through fascia outside of the nervous system
116
what are the three true pelvic ligaments
anterior sacroiliac, interosseous, and posterior sacroiliac
117
what are the three accessory ligaments
sacrotuberous, iliolumbar and sacrospinous ligaments
118
the innominate consist of what three bones
ilium, ischium and pubic bones
119
when the patient is supine you can check for
ASIS levelness, ASIS compression test, pubic tubercles and medial malleoli levelness
120
when the patient is prone you can check for
iliac crests, PSIS levelness, iliolumbar ligaments, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments
121
in a standing flexion test the motion restriction is when
PSIS moves cephalad
122
in a standing flexion test where do you put your thumbs
UNDER the PSIS
123
seated flexion test evaluates for
sacroiliac dysfunction
124
seated flexion tests removes what as a factor
innomiates
125
what are the three pelvic motions
sacral motions on ilium
ilial on sacrum
pubic motions
126
what type of articulation is the pubic bone
fibrocartilagenous articulation
127
what are the three pubic motions
caliper, torsional, superioinferior translator
128
superior pubic shear
one pubic bone is displaced compared to the other
129
etiology of superior pubic shear
tight rectus abdominus or trauma
130
inferior pubic shear
ASIS level or inferior
| PSIS level or superior
131
etiology of inferior pubic shear
tight adducts or trauma
132
pubic aDduction appears
bulding of pubic symphysis, tenderness and pt has urinary syptoms
133
pubic abduction appears as
sulcus DEEPer than normal, tenderness, urinary symptoms
134
anterior innominate rotation
ASIS inferior
PSIS superior
side of dysfunction as tight hamstring, sciatica and tissue changes at ILA (tight quads)
135
Posterior innominate rotation
ASIS superior
PSIS inferior
groin pain, medial knee pain, tissue changes at sacrial sulci, tight hamstrings
136
superior innomiate shear
ASIS-superior
PSIS superior, pelvic pain
etologiy-a fall to the butt
137
inferior innominate shear
```
ASIS more inferior
PSIS more inferior
pubic ramus inferior
pelbic pain
rare
```
138
innominate flare
ASIS is medial or lateral to its usual position, (ASIS to ASIS to umbilicus to pubic bone) greater laxiity of side of flare
139
how many landmarks do you need to diagnose the pelvis
3
140
two of the 3 land marks must be _______- to diagnose the pelvis
same side of body (ant or post)
141
a positive seated flexion indicates
sacroilliac dysfunction
142
what does the ASIS compression test tell you
side of dysfunction
143
conventional medicine is based on __________ and involves care that is
biochemical and physical properties
| interventional, symptomatic and emergency
144
complementary or alternative medicine (CAM) is based on ________ that involves
alternative paradigms
| holistic, interdimensional root cause
145
clinical horizon is
the point at which disease is detected
146
chiropractic, naturopathy, oriental medicine, homeopathy, ayurvedic herbals, nutritional supplemenets are examples of
alternative medicine
147
exercise, weights, aerobics, stretching, and water therapy are examples of
traditional physical therapy
148
massage, rolfing, trigger point myotherapy, alexander technqiue, felden krais, watsu yoga, tai chi, pilates, and qi gong are examples of
alternatie PT
149
psychotherapies
guided imagery, visualization, neurofeedback, somatoemotional release, energy psychology
150
what are the 8 categoreis of CAM
```
1 alternative systems
2 botanicals
3 energy medicine
4 manipulative medicine
5 movement therapies
6 mind body interactions
7 pharmocoligic
8 diet/ nutritional/ lifestyle changes
```
151
osteopathy is what category of CAM
alternative system
152
chiropracty is in what categori of CAM
alternative system
153
naturopathy and homeopathy is in what categroy of CAM
alternative system
154
oriental medicine is in what category of CAM
alternative systems
155
ayurveda is in what category of CAM
ayurveda
156
what are the two categories of botanicals
herbalism and essential oils
157
OMT is an example of what type of CAM
energy medicine
158
acupuncture is an example of what type of CAM
energy medicine
159
meridian regulation
energy medicine
160
qi gong
energy medicine
161
reiki
energy medicine
162
therapeutic touch and healing
energy medicine
163
jin shin
energy medicine
164
chakra therapies
energy medicine
165
magnetic therapies
energy medicine
166
polarity therapies
energy medicine
167
zero balancing
energy medicine
168
tenscam
energy medicine
169
acoustic therapies
energy medicine
170
color therapies
energy medicine
171
omt
manipulation and therapeutic bodywork
172
craniosacral theray
manipulation
173
therapeutic massage
manipulation
174
chiropractic
manipulation
175
trigger point myotherapy
manipulation
176
rolfing
manipulation
177
reflexology
manipulation
178
alexander technique
movement therapy
179
pilates, yoga, tai chi, watsue, and dance therapy
movement therapy
180
biofeedback
mind body therapy
181
hypnosis
mind body therapy
182
guided imagery
mind body therapy
183
energy psycyology
mind body therapies
184
shamanism
mind body therapy
185
meditation
mind body therapy
186
prayer
mind body therapy
187
chelation therap
pharmacologic
188
prolotherapy
pharmocologic
189
platelet rich plasma
pharmocologic
190
orthomolecular medicine
nutrition CAM
191
first ostepathic class
1892
192
first chiropractic class
1896
193
What are the three main types of chiropracty
straight, mixers and netowrk spinal analysis
194
______________founded first naturapthic scull
benedict lust
195
3 principles of naturopathic philsophy
```
body is self helaing
symptoms a sign body is striving to rid toxins and return homeostasis
holistic apporach (mind body spirit)
```
196
homeopathy
treating like with like
197
who is the founder of homeopathy
samuel hanemann
198
law of similars
prescribing minute doses of a substance that causes similar sypmtoms of disease
199
law of cure
remedies from top to bottom, inside to out, major to minor organs
200
oriental medicine includes
traditional chinese medicine, 5 elements and french energetics
201
what are the five elements involved in oriental medicine
wood, water, fire, earth and metal
202
ayurveda
developed in india "science of life"
203
what are the 5 elements of ayurveda
ether, air, fire, water, earth
204
kapha
water and earth
205
pitta
fire and water
206
vata
air and ether
207
pancha karma
emetics, purgative, enema, nasal administration of medication, purification f blood
208
wuwei
no action out of harmony with nature
209
definition of energy
ability to do work
210
forms of energy include
kineitc, potential chemical, electromagnetic, heat elastic gravity and others
211
first law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed
212
bioenergetics
study on how endogenous and exogenous energy sources forms influence and control living systems and their environment
213
bioenergy
energy produced endogenously by living systems
214
bioelectromagnetics
study of interaction between electromagnetic fields and biological living systems
215
bioelectromagnetism
inherent ability of living cells, tissues, and organisms to produce and emit electrical,magnetic fields and the response of cells to electromagnetic fields
216
sources of bioenergy
```
heart
blood circulation
brain activity
biochemical reactions
electrical conduction through the neuromusculoskeletal system
```
217
energy medicine
system of diagnosis and treatment that utilize biophsyical principles and energetics
218
______________ said all medicine is energy medicine the energetic perspective hodls key to the future of the entire medical enterprise
oschman
219
OMT that uses energy medicine
dynamic strain-vector release
neurofascial release
bioelectric fascial activation and release
220
biofield
extremely week complex electromagnetic field of the organism
221
biofield therapy
any therapeutic modality that interacts and changes the biofield and its manifestations
222
bone growth occurs at
7 hz
223
nerve regeneration
2 hz
224
ligament healing
10hz
225
sacralization of L5
fusion of L5 to S1
226
lubarization of S1
s1 failed to fuse to sacrum
227
ferguson angle
An angle between the line of inclination of the lumbosacral junction and a line parallel to the floor.
The angle should ideally be between 25 and 35 degrees.
228
sacral plexus
contains both motor and sensory in the pelvis and lower extremity
229
sacral parasympathetics level
s2-s4
230
ganglion impar
where the right and left sympathetic chain joins the rest on the anterior surface of the coccyx
231
superior transvser sacral axes
respiratory and craniosacrlal motion at s2
232
middle transverse sacral axis
postural motion at s2 (sacroiliac axis)
233
inferior transerse sacral axis
innominate rotation at s3
234
flexion and extension of sacrum occur about what axis
middle transverse axis
235
rotation of sacrum occurs at the
vertical axis
236
side bending of the sacrum occurs at the
AP axis
237
what does the spring test test for
forward torsions
238
where is the heel of your hand in a spring test
lumbarsacral junction
239
good spring means
negative test
240
a positive spring tests means
backward torsion, uni/bilateral sacral extension
241
a negative spring test means
forward torsion or unibilateral sacral flexion
242
forward torsions include
left on left or right on right
243
left on left
right deep
posterior left ILA
positive seated flexion right
spring neg
244
right on right
deep left
posterior right ILA
seated flexion postivie left
spring neg
245
backward torsions include
left on right or right on left
246
left on right
right deep
left post ILA
seated flextion positive left
spring pos
247
right on left
left deep
posteiror ILA right
seated flexion positive left
spring pos
248
left unilateral sacral flexion
left deep
left post ila
left seated flexion
spring neg
249
right unillateral sacral flexion
right deep
right post ila
right seated flexion
spring neg
250
left unilateral extension
right deep
right post ila
seated pos left
spring pos
251
right unilateral extension
deep left
posterior ILA L
seated flexion right
spring pos
252
if Bilateral flexed
motion decreased bilaterally, sacrum flexes but is restricted in extension, seated flexion test positive bilaterally, spring negative
253
bilaterally extended
motion decreased bilaterally
sarum extends but is restricted in flexion
spring pos
254
what axis is respiration
superior transverse
255
what axis is craniosacral motion
superior transverse
256
what axis is at sacral body
s2
257
what axis is ilial rotation
inferior transverse
258
what ais is posture flexion and extension
middle trnasverse
259
motion decreased, retricted in extension, bilateral positive seated and spring neg
bilateral sacral flexion
260
motion decreased, restricted in flexion, positive spring, bilateral positive seated
bilateral sacral extension
