Opioids Flashcards
Opioid analgesics are medications used to treat what kinds of pain?
Moderate to severe
What are the three classes of opioids?
1) Opioid Agonists 2) Agonist-antagonist opioids 3) Antagonist
What is the onset of action for an opioid agonist?
This class acts on the mu receptors and when Muopioid receptor (mu )receptors are activated this produces the analgesia, sedation & decreased GI motility ** mu receptors also are a connection to dependence
What are the adverse effects or complications for an opioid agonist?
Respiratory depression, Constipation, Orthostatic hypotension, & Urinary retention
Name some opioid agonists ** My Father Must Come Over Here**
Morphine, Fentanyl, Meperidine, Codeine Oxycodone & Hydromorphone
Remember that opioid agonists activate both kappa & mu receptors, is this a True or False statement?
True
Name the STRONG opioid agonists
Fentanyl & Fentanyl Derivatives (** the Derivatives there are 3, and they all have the word fentanyl in the name (al, rem, su) **, Hydromorphone Oxymorphone, Methadone, Morphine, Meperidine
Name the moderate to strong opioid agonists
Codeine, Hydrocodone Oxycodone & Tapentadol
What reactions or how does a patient or client appear that has taken an opioid agonist? Describe
The pain is relieved, so the client may appear euphoric, less anxious & drowsy
What groups of patients or clients are there precautions for in opioid agonists?
The young & the elderly L& D, head injured, Renal impairment, & in decreased respiratory reserved
Describe the CNS effects that can occur with opioid agonists
Sedation, Neurotoxicity (myoclonus-which is a sudden knee-jerk), Euphoria, Dysphoria, Miosis (pinpoint pupils
What are adverse GI effects from opioid agonists?
Constipation, Emesis in 15-40% of ambulatory patients or clients, Biliary colic ( pain or spasm of the common bile duct) & Urinary retention & Orthostatic hypotension - due to the dilation effect of the peripheral arterioles & veins
What are some known drug or medication interactions with opioid agonists?
CNS Depressants- (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ETOH & phenobarbital)
Do antihypertensive medications interact with opioid agonists? Yes or No
Yes
What effect does antihypertensive medications have when taking with opioid agonists?
Additional hypotensive effects
What is the interaction with taking anticholinergic agent (atropine or scopolamine, antihistamines (diphenhydramine ) & tricyclic anticholinergic effects-describe the effects
Constipation & urinary retention
What are two beneficial drug interactions when taking opioid agonists?
Anti emetics and Naloxone
How does Naloxone work?
Naloxone interferes with the action of opioids by competing for opioid receptors *** Naloxone does not have an effect in the absence of opioids
What class is Naloxone in?
Opioid Antagonists
What is the therapeutic use for Naloxone (Opioid Antagonists)?
Treatment of opioid abuse (prevents euphoria-Naltrexone-, reveres the effects of opioids (resp. depression and also in infants)
What is the route for Naloxone?
IV, IM Sub Q
What is the route for Naltrexone, an Opioid antagonist?
Oral, IM
What are the route of administration for Morphine (MSO4)?
Oral, IV, IM SUB-Q & Epidural
What are the route of administration for Fentanyl?
IV, Transdermal, IN & Transmucosal
