Opioids Flashcards
List the names of some semi-synthetic opioids
Diacetylmorphine
Hydrocodone
Oxycodone
List the names of some synthetic opioids
fentanyl
Methadone
Pethidine/meperidine
What are the 3 classes of endogenous opioids
Endorphins
Enkephalins
Dynorphins
what is the common ammino acid motif founds in all endogenous opioids
Tyrosine-Glycine-Glycine-phenylalanine
Which opioid receptor provides pain relieve.
Mu opioid receptors
Opioid mechanism of action
When opioids bind to the receptors the G-proteins are activated and is split into two subunits (G-alpha and G-beta/gamma)
The G-b/g binds to calcium channels in the presynaptic neurons and prevent them from opening
In postsynaptic neurons the subunit binds to the potassium channels and causes to open
>No depolarization
Alpha subunit inhibits the synthesis of cAMP
what type of receptors are Mu receptors
G-protein coupled receptors
How do opioids relieve pain
> Activated the descending pain pathway.
> Block the transcending pathway to stop pain perception
What are the environmental risk factors of opioid addiction
Peer group influences
Family and social instability
Drug availability
Low socioeconomic status
What is the drug tolerance
when a higher dose of a drug is needed to create the same effect after repeated use of the drug
What is the biggest theory of tolerance
cAMP dependence tolerance pathway
cAMP dependence tolerance pathway
Chronic use of opioids, no longer inhibits the production of cAMP
>The body pre-emptively increases cAMP so when opioid is taken the normal fall in normal range
Which areas of the brain and body cause the symptoms of withdrawal
VTA
locules cerelus
Gut
what are the symptoms of opioid withdrawal
Jitteriness
Very Large pupils
Rapid heart beat
Breathing rate
Constipation
