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NMSP Exam 3 > Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

A majority of the drugs in this deck are of what class?

A

Opioid AGONISTS

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2
Q

What are the 2 Partial Agonists (mixed agonist/antagonist)?

A

Pentazocine

Buprenorphine

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3
Q

What are the 2 Partial Agonists (mixed agonist/antagonist)?

A

Pentazocine

Buprenorphine

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4
Q

What are the 2 Opioid Antagonists?

A

Naloxone

Naltrexone

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5
Q

What are the 2 Opioid Antagonists?

A

Naloxone

Naltrexone

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6
Q

What is the most potent Opioid Agonist compared to Morphine?

A

Fentanyl

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7
Q

What is the least potent Opioid Agonist compared to Morphine?

A

Codeine

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8
Q

MOA for Opioid Agonists?

A

Bind to opioid receptors in the cns

=> (-) ascending pain pathways and cause CNS depression

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9
Q

List some times when Opioids are used

A 
Pain
Anesthesia adjuncts
Palliative care
Antitussive (prevent cough)
Antidiarrheal
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10
Q

What are some general adverse effects of Opioid Agonists?

A

CNS and Respiratory depression
Constipation
Hypotension

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11
Q

What are some general adverse effects of Opioid Agonists?

A

CNS and Respiratory depression
Constipation
Hypotension

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12
Q

When Opioid Agonists are combined with Sedative-Hypnotics, what can occur?

A

Increased respiratory depression

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13
Q

When Opioid Agonists are combined with Antipsychotics, what can occur?

A

Increased sedation and accentuation of cardiovascular effects

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14
Q

When Opioid Agonists are combined with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, what can occur?

A

Hyperpyrexic Coma and HTN

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15
Q

From their weakest dose to their strongest, describe the cascade of effects seen with Opioid Agonists?

A 
Antidiarrheal
Antitussive
Euphoria
Nausea
Analgesic
Sedation
Respiratory Depression
Coma/Death
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16
Q

What are the 3 Opioid Receptors?

A

Mu, Delta, Kappa

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17
Q

Describe the highest affinity endogenous opioid peptides for the mu receptor

A

Endorphins» Enkephalins» Dynorphins

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18
Q

Describe the highest affinity endogenous opioid peptides for the delta receptor

A

Enkephalins» Endorphins» Dynorphins

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19
Q

Describe the highest affinity endogenous opioid peptides for the kappa receptor

A

Dynorphins» all the rest

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20
Q

What are some contraindications for Morphine Sulfate? (3)

A

Bronchial Asthma
Upper Respiratory obstruction
Allergy to Morphine

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21
Q

When if Fentanyl indicated?

A

Pain that requires continuous around the clock opioid administration and cannot be managed by other means

22
Q

What is Methadone used for?

A

Best at managing abstinence symptoms and TREATING OPIOID USE DISORDER in outpatient rehab settings!

23
Q

What Opioid Agonist is the best at treating opioid use disorder especially for heroin addicts?

A

Methadone

– manages abstinence symptoms and treats

24
Q

Hydrocodone is a very common Opioid Agonist. What are its common uses and what is it commonly combined with?

A

Analgesic and Antitussive

– Commonly combined with Acetaminophen

25
Q

What adverse effect should you watch for when Hydrocodone is combined with Acetaminophen?

A

Hepatotoxic

26
Q

What should Meperidine NOT be used with?

A

Partial Agonists (mixed agonist/antagonist) Analgesics

27
Q

What happens if Meperidine is combined with Mixed Agonist/Antagonist Analgesics?

A

Decreased analgesic effect and may precipitate withdrawal symptoms

28
Q

What were partial agonists combined with if the patient has decreased analgesic effect and precipitates withdrawal symptoms?

A

Meperidine + partial agonists

29
Q

What are 3 indications for Codeine?

A

Antitussive
Mild pain
Diarrhea

30
Q

What Opioid Agonist is the best at treating Diarrhea?

A

Loperamide

31
Q

Loperamide is the best at treating?

A

Diarrhea

32
Q

Loperamide slows GI motility by activating what opioid receptors?

A

Mu receptors

33
Q

Can Pentazocine treat addiction to Opioids?

A

NO

34
Q

Can Buprenorphine treat addiction to Opioids?

A

YES

35
Q

When is Pentazocine used?

A

Pre-op medication and anesthesia adjunct

36
Q

If Pentazocine is used during pregnancy, what may occur and what is the sign?

A

Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

= Shrill cry

37
Q

When is Buprenorphine used?

A

Pain and to treat addiction to opioids and narcotic pain relievers

38
Q

When patients are taking Buprenorphine, what should be monitored?

A

Potential incorrect dosing when they are starting/ending CYP3A4 activators/inhibitors

39
Q

MOA for Naloxone?

A

Displaces Opioids at receptor sites

40
Q

What drug can displace Opioids from their receptor sites?

A

Naloxone

41
Q

When is Naloxone used?

A

Suspected/known Opioid overdose

42
Q

Treatment for suspected/known opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone

43
Q

Naloxone causes a release of?

A

Catecholamines

44
Q

Once Naloxone causes a release of Catecholamines, what can that cause to occur?

A

Precipitate acute withdrawal or unmask pain with chronic users

45
Q

MOA for Naltrexone?

A

Competitive Antagonist with highest affinity for Mu receptors

46
Q

Naltrexone has the highest affinity to block what receptors?

A

Mu receptors

47
Q

What can Naltrexone treat?

A

Alcohol use disorder

48
Q

What can treat Alcohol use disorder?

A

Naltrexone

49
Q

Once patients are treated with Naltrexone, what can occur?

A

They will respond to lower opioid doses than previously used

=> life-threatening intoxication if taken again

50
Q

Naltrexone may precipitate symptoms of acute withdrawal in opioid-dependent patients, what is the sign in neonates?

A

Shrill cry

NMSP Exam 3 (1 decks)

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