Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ophthamology > ophthamic examination > Flashcards

ophthamic examination Flashcards

1
Q

components

A

signalment
chief complaint
hx
visual exam of ocular and periocular structures
diagnostic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

signalment

A

age

sex

species

breed

coat color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hx

A

chief complaint: symptoms, duration, ophthalmic meds-response to tx, onset
concurrent systemic dz and tx
previous ocular dz
environment in which the problem is more apparent
housing
family hx
travel hx
diet
visioin status
behavior change
changes in gait or posture
ocular d/c
eye color change
signs of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vision status

A

light vs dark
familiar vs new environments
laterality
distance
gradual or acute
progressive vs static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

equine equipment

A

sedation

auriculopalbral block

very strong eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

examination

A

be systematic
both eyes!
disance examination
navigation and tracking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

distance examination

A

globe positino
globe size
pupil size
presence of d/c
facial symmetry
head tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

neuro-ophthalmic examination

A

menace response
palpebral reflex
dazzle
pupillary light reflex
vestibulo-ocular reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

meance response

A

menace responselearned
blink in response to menacing gesture
CN II & VII, cerebral cortex, cerebellum
cover other eye
avoid generating air currents or stimulating vibrissae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

palpebral reflex

A

diagnostic test in which the eye should blink in response to touch to the medial & lateral canthus of the eye
CN V & VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dazzle

A

blink in response to light stimulus
CN II & VII, subcortical visual pathways
positive dazzle does not equal vision–>pathways are intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pupillary light reflex

A

The pupillary light reflex is the normal constriction of the pupils when bright light shines on the retina.
CN II & III
positive PLR does not equal vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

direct PLR

A

stimulus and response in same eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

indirect PLR

A

response in eye not receiving stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

vestibulo-ocular reflex

A

involuntary ocular movements induced by moving head slowly from side to side
fast phase in direction of head movement
CN III, IV, VI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

retroillumination

A

use of light reflected from a deeper structure to examine a more anterior structure
to ID opacities within the visual axis
very useful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

orbit exam

A

palpation of orbital bones and periocular tissue
retropulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

transillumination

A

observing light as it passes through transparent and translucent ocular structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diffuse illumination

A

A type of Direct Focal. Used for gross examination of lid, lashes, lacrimal, conjunctiva illuminatin as much area as we can.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

structures that can be examined with diffuse illumination

A

eyelids-skin, margins, grey line, palpebral conjunctiva
conjunctiva-palpebral, bulbar
third eyelid-elevate-bulbar surface
cornea & sclera-can also use slit beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

eyelid exam

A

abn hairs, masses, eyelid position
evert eyelids!

22
Q

conjunctiva, third eyelid

A

vascular congestion
edema (chemosis)
masses
pigmentary changes
third eyelid position

23
Q

Cornea

A

surface hydration, texture and defects
reflections

24
Q

color changes: red

A

blood vessels

25
Q

color change: brown

A

melanin

26
Q

color changes: yellow/creamy white

A

WBC

27
Q

color changes: sparkly white

A

lipid or mineral

28
Q

color changes: bluish white +/- cobblestone appearance

A

corneal edema

29
Q

color changes: wispy grey white

A

fibrosis

30
Q

sclera

A

masses

color change

31
Q

slit beam

A

use of narrow beam of light to create an optical cross section
visualizes depth, spatial relationships and lesion localization

32
Q

purkinje 1

A

corneal layer
can be visualizedwhen using a slit beam
should be parallel to purkinje 2

33
Q

purkinje 2

A

anterior lens capsule
can be visualized when using a slit beam
should be parallel to purkinje 1

34
Q

purkinje 3

A

posterior lens capsule
can be visualized when using a slit beam

35
Q

normal aqueous humor

A

does not reflect light because it lacks proteins and cells

36
Q

flare in aqueous humor

A

beam of light is visible in anterior chamber
connects purkinje 1 &2, cannot see purkinje 3
suspended particles

37
Q

iris

A

use slit beam
evulate anterior iris face before dilation
color change
texture change
mass development
pupil shape & movement

38
Q

lens

A

use slit beam
full dilation required
opacity
position
anterior capsule texture changes

39
Q

vitreous

A

use slit beam

any opacities

40
Q

fundic examination

A

examination of a composite created by super imposition of retina on choroid & sclera

41
Q

indirect ophthalmoscopy

A

mirror image & inverted

good magnification & field of view

dilated pupil

arm’s length away from eye

light source held at eye

elicit tapetal reflection

light beam is a straight line from examiner’s eye, through indirect lens, into patients eye

scan central & peripheral fundus

42
Q

direct funduscopy

A

high magnification, limited field of view

direct image

uses-magnified view of lesions detect via indirect, lesion localization, fluroscent

set wheel to 0 D

in focus with + lens-raised lesions (anterior to retina)

in focus with - lens-depressed lsions (posterior to retina)

43
Q

optic nerve changes

A

color

borders

size & shape

vascular: toruosity, engorgement, bleeding, vessel attentuation

44
Q

tapetum changes

A

hypereflectivity-thin retina

hypoflectivity-thick retina

45
Q

non-tapetal fundus changes

A

thinner retina-more red/see vessels clearer

thicker retina-change in color

46
Q

schirmer tear test

A

meausrement of tear production per minute-basal and reflex

perform before administering any eye drops

do not touch strip with fingers

bend at notch

place strip into ventrolateral conjunctival fornix

normal >15 mm/min

47
Q

tonometry

A

measurement of intraocular pressure

perform prior to dilation

in horses-have head above heart

have head in same position for each reading

48
Q

fluorsecein stain

A

for detection of corneal ulceration

dye retained by hydrophilic corneal stroma

NOT retained by hydrophobic epithelium or Descemet’s membrane

do not apply directly to cornea

rinse excess dye-to see if ulcer is down to Descemet’s membrane

49
Q

jones test

A

assessment of patency of nasolacrimal ducts

dyes should appear at nasal puncta within 2 minutes of placement into conjunctival sac (or oropharnyx)

50
Q

cytology, culture and sensitivity

A

hard to culture eye bugs

to aid in IDing an underlying etiology for surface ocular dz

aerobic, anaerobic & fungal

51
Q

nasolacrimal flush

A

establish/assess patency of the nasolacrimal ducts after a negative jones test

do retrograde for horses

52
Q

assessment of vision

A

ophthamology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions