Ophthalmoscopy Flashcards
What is Dilation?
Pharmacologic enlargement of pupil via eye drops
Why do we do dilation?
Allows much better view into the eye
When do we do dilation?
Any “comprehensive” eye exam, when you need to see fuller field of view, etc
What are the two types of Ophthalmoscopy?
Direct and Indirect
Describe Direct Ophthalmoscopy
- hand-held instrument providing magnified monocular view inside eye
- limited field of view
Describe Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
Two different types of Indirect: Monocular Indirect and Binocular Indirect
Describe Monocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
Better field of view vs direct
Works well w/smaller pupils
Less magnification vs. direct
Describe Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
Allows wide field of view
Stereoscopic fundus evaluation
Best used w/dilated pupil
_____ refers to the use of lenses in conjunction w/a biomicroscope (slit-lamp) to view the fundus
Fundus Biomicroscopy
Name the types of Fundus Biomicroscopy
Hruby Lens
Fundus Contact Lenses
Non-Contact Condensing Lenses
What are the advantages of Direct Ophthalmoscopy?
- Easier to do than BIO or fundus microscopy
- Provides good magnification
- Ability to adjust focus (cornea to retina)
What are the disadvantages of Direct Ophthalmoscopy?
- Limited Field of View
- Does NOT allow stereoscopic viewing (no depth perception)
- Relatively dimmer image limits resolution
Direct Ophthalmoscopy
What to record:
for the Optic Nerve?
- Cup-to-cup disc (C/D) ratio
- rim color
- margins
- spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP)?
Direct Ophthalmoscopy
What to record:
for the Blood Vessels?
Ateriovenous (AV) ratio and any AV crossing changes
Direct Ophthalmoscopy
What to record:
for the Macula?
- Does it have homogenous color?
- Foveal Reflex?
