Ophthalmology Unit 9

Question 1

What are the structures of the eye?

Answer 1

The eye consists of optic globes located in the orbit, which produce images and transmit them to the brain.

Question 2

What is the function of the eye?

Answer 2

The eye focuses on near and distant objects and adjusts the amount of light.

Question 3

What protects the eye?

Answer 3

The eye contains fat to cushion and protect it, along with blood vessels.

Question 4

What is the sclera?

Answer 4

The sclera is a tough, fibrous, white outer layer that covers most of the outer surface of the eye.

It maintains shape and protects internal structures.

Question 5

What is the cornea?

Answer 5

The cornea is a transparent, dome-shaped membrane that bends light rays toward the pupil.

It contains several nerve receptors and receives nutrients from tears and fluid.

Question 6

What is the iris?

Answer 6

The iris is the colored region of the eye that controls the diameter of the pupil and allows light to enter the eye.

Question 7

What is the function of the pupil?

Answer 7

The pupil allows light into the eye and its diameter is controlled by the iris.

Question 8

What is the lens of the eye?

Answer 8

The lens is a clear, flexible disk located behind the pupil that changes focus for far and near vision.

This process is known as accommodation.

Question 9

What is the anterior chamber?

Answer 9

The anterior chamber is the area between the cornea and the iris.

Question 10

What is the aqueous humor?

Answer 10

The aqueous humor is a watery fluid produced and circulated in the anterior chamber that maintains the chemical environment and removes waste.

Question 11

What is the posterior cavity?

Answer 11

The posterior cavity is the largest space in the eye, containing vitreous humor, which is a gel-like substance.

Question 12

What is the retina?

Answer 12

The retina is the thin inner lining of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells and converts light energy into electrical impulses via the optic nerve.

Question 13

What is the macula?

Answer 13

The macula is a small spot in the retina, dark yellow/orange in color, and is the area of greatest visual acuity.

Question 14

What is the optic disk?

Answer 14

The optic disk is the area where the optic nerve leaves the retina, and it is also known as the blind spot.

Question 15

What are the functions of the eyeballs:

Answer 15

1). Adjust amount of light
2). Focus near/distance objects
3). Produce images and transmit to the brain

Question 16

Where does the Sclera not protect?

Answer 16

cornea

Question 17

Contains no blood vessels:

Answer 17

Cornea

Question 18

Receive nutrients from tears and fluid in the anterior chambers

Answer 18

cornea

Question 19

The most sensitive area has several nerve receptors

Answer 19

Cornea

Question 20

Pupil function

Answer 20

allow light to enter the eye

Question 21

Miosis:

Answer 21

contraction of the pupil which equal less light in

Question 22

Dilation of the pupil which equal more light in

Answer 22

Mydriasis

Question 23

Posterior Cavity function

Answer 23

maintain shape of eye

Question 24

Posterior Cavity is also called

Answer 24

Vitreous chamber

Question 26

What is Ophthalmology?

Answer 26

A medical specialty that diagnoses and treats diseases of the eye.

Question 27

What are the accessory structures of the eye?

Answer 27

They include the eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, and extraocular muscles.

Question 28

What is the function of the eyelids?

Answer 28

They protect delicate tissue of the eye, prevent foreign substances from entering, and spread a layer of tears to keep eyes moist.

Question 29

What is the tarsus?

Answer 29

A flat fibrous connective tissue in the eyelids.

Question 30

What do tarsal glands secrete?

Answer 30

They secrete oil fluid to prevent eyelids from sticking.

Question 31

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 31

A delicate, transparent mucous membrane that covers the inside of the eyelids.

Question 32

What is the function of the conjunctiva?

Answer 32

It produces mucin, a watery, clear mucus to prevent the surface of the eye from dehydrating.

Question 33

What is the lacrimal apparatus?

Answer 33

It consists of four structures: lacrimal glands, lacrimal ducts, lacrimal sacs, and nasolacrimal duct.

Question 34

Where are lacrimal glands located?

Answer 34

They are located at the superior and lateral side of each eye.

Question 35

What is the function of lacrimal glands?

Answer 35

They produce tears to clean/lubricate, deliver nutrients/oxygen, and prevent infection.

Question 36

What do lacrimal ducts do?

Answer 36

They carry tears to the surface of the eye.

Question 37

Where are lacrimal sacs located?

Answer 37

They are located on the medial corner of the eyes.

Question 38

Lacrimal Sacts function:

Answer 38

drains tear from the eye

Question 39

What is the function of nasolacrimal sac?

Answer 39

It carries tears/fluid into the nasal cavity.

Question 40

What is the role of extraocular muscles?

Answer 40

They control eye movement with voluntary control.

Question 41

What are the pairs of extraocular muscles?

Answer 41

Superior and inferior rectus, medial and lateral rectus, superior and inferior oblique muscles.

Question 42

Superior and Inferior rectus muscles:

Answer 42

moves the eye superiorly and inferiorly

Question 43

Medial Lateral rectus muscles

Answer 43

Turns eye medially and laterally

Question 44

Superior Oblique

Answer 44

turns eye inferiorly and medially

Question 45

Inferior oblique

Answer 45

Turns eye superiorly and laterally

Question 46

What is the pathway of light in the eye?

Answer 46

Light rays enter the cornea, bend through the pupil, pass through the lens, and are focused onto the retina.

Question 47

What do photoreceptors do?

Answer 47

They receive light and convert it into nerve impulses.

Question 48

What are the types of photoreceptors?

Answer 48

Rods and cones.

Question 49

How many rods and cones are there?

Answer 49

There are approximately 130 million rods and 6.5 million cones.

Question 50

What do rods detect?

Answer 50

They detect all levels of light and produce grainy black/white images.

Question 51

What do cones detect?

Answer 51

They detect color and produce sharp color images superimposed on black/white images from rods.

Question 52

What is the visual pathway?

Answer 52

Light energy is converted into nerve impulses that travel via the optic nerve.

Question 53

What happens at the optic chiasm?

Answer 53

The two optic nerves converge, forming an 'X' and creating 3-D vision with depth.

Question 54

What are optic tracts?

Answer 54

Fibers that move into the visual cortex of the occipital lobes.

Question 55

What happens to images from both eyes?

Answer 55

They merge and are flipped right-side up.