Ophthalmology terms and refractive errors

Question 1

What is amblyopia?

Answer 1

“lazy eye” one eye becomes dependent on the other to focus. Can lead to strabismus

Question 2

What is strabismus?

Answer 2

eye misalignment caused by an imbalance in the muscles holding the eye

Question 3

What is anisometropia?

Answer 3

The eyes have unequal refractive power.

Question 4

What is aphakia?

Answer 4

absence of the lens

Question 5

What is asthenopia

Answer 5

eye strain

Question 6

What is binocular vision?

Answer 6

use of the two eyes

Question 7

What is the canthus?

Answer 7

the medial and lateral corners of the eye.

Question 8

What is convergence?

Answer 8

Turning both eyes inward to look at a close object

Question 9

What is Cycloplegia?

Answer 9

paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye. Results in a loss of accommodation and dilated pupul

Question 10

What is diplopia?

Answer 10

double vision.

Question 11

What is exophthalmos?

Answer 11

bulging eyes

Question 12

Hemianopia?

Answer 12

a blindness or reduction in vision in one half of the the visual field due to damage of the optic pathways in the brain.

Question 13

Hyphema?

Answer 13

blood pooled under the cornea

Question 14

What is considered legally blind?

Answer 14

20/200 or less with corrective lenses

Question 15

Limbus?

Answer 15

the edge fo the cornea where it joins the sclera. also known as limbus corneae

Question 16

Chemosis?

Answer 16

swelling or edema of the conjunctiva

Question 17

Papilledema?

Answer 17

swelling of the optic disc caused by increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

Question 18

Pterygium?

Answer 18

a painless non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva that lays over the sclera

Question 19

Pinguecula?

Answer 19

non-cancerous yellowish brown subconjunctival elevation composed of degenerated elastic tissue may occur on either side of the cornea

Question 20

Ptosis?

Answer 20

“drooping eyelid” can be caused by muscle damage, nerve damage, or looseness of the eyelid skin?

Question 21

Miosis

Answer 21

constriction of the puple

Question 22

Mydriasis

Answer 22

dilation of the pupil

Question 23

Nystagmus

Answer 23

the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements, often resulting in reduced vision.

Question 24

Synechia?

Answer 24

the iris adheres to either the cornea or lens

Question 25

Scintillating scotoma?

Answer 25

starts as a flickering of light near or in the center of the visual fields which prevents vision within the scotoma. The scotoma then expands into one or more shimmering arcs of white or colored flashing lights.

Question 26

emmetropia?

Answer 26

normal state of vision

Question 27

Hyperopia?

Answer 27

Farsightedness. Light entering your eye is focused past your retina. Treated with a convex lens.

Question 28

Myopia?

Answer 28

Nearsightedness. Light entering your eye is focused ahead of your retina. Treated with a concave lens.

Question 29

Presbyopia?

Answer 29

old eyes, as you age the lens grows larger and thicker and becomes less elastic. You loose the ability of the lens to accommodate. The muscles around the eye are less affective as well. You can’t focus on close objects. Onset is usually around 40YO

Question 30

Astigmatism

Answer 30

having an irregular shaped cornea, light is not all refracted to the same location