Ophthalmology terms and refractive errors Flashcards
What is amblyopia?
“lazy eye” one eye becomes dependent on the other to focus. Can lead to strabismus
What is strabismus?
eye misalignment caused by an imbalance in the muscles holding the eye
What is anisometropia?
The eyes have unequal refractive power.
What is aphakia?
absence of the lens
What is asthenopia
eye strain
What is binocular vision?
use of the two eyes
What is the canthus?
the medial and lateral corners of the eye.
What is convergence?
Turning both eyes inward to look at a close object
What is Cycloplegia?
paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye. Results in a loss of accommodation and dilated pupul
What is diplopia?
double vision.
What is exophthalmos?
bulging eyes
Hemianopia?
a blindness or reduction in vision in one half of the the visual field due to damage of the optic pathways in the brain.
Hyphema?
blood pooled under the cornea
What is considered legally blind?
20/200 or less with corrective lenses
Limbus?
the edge fo the cornea where it joins the sclera. also known as limbus corneae
Chemosis?
swelling or edema of the conjunctiva
Papilledema?
swelling of the optic disc caused by increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
Pterygium?
a painless non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva that lays over the sclera
Pinguecula?
non-cancerous yellowish brown subconjunctival elevation composed of degenerated elastic tissue may occur on either side of the cornea
Ptosis?
“drooping eyelid” can be caused by muscle damage, nerve damage, or looseness of the eyelid skin?
Miosis
constriction of the puple
Mydriasis
dilation of the pupil
Nystagmus
the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements, often resulting in reduced vision.
Synechia?
the iris adheres to either the cornea or lens
Scintillating scotoma?
starts as a flickering of light near or in the center of the visual fields which prevents vision within the scotoma. The scotoma then expands into one or more shimmering arcs of white or colored flashing lights.
emmetropia?
normal state of vision
Hyperopia?
Farsightedness. Light entering your eye is focused past your retina. Treated with a convex lens.
Myopia?
Nearsightedness. Light entering your eye is focused ahead of your retina. Treated with a concave lens.
Presbyopia?
old eyes, as you age the lens grows larger and thicker and becomes less elastic. You loose the ability of the lens to accommodate. The muscles around the eye are less affective as well. You can’t focus on close objects. Onset is usually around 40YO
Astigmatism
having an irregular shaped cornea, light is not all refracted to the same location
