Ophthalmology - Findings on Fundoscopy Flashcards
This picture shows fundoscopy from a 64-year-old man.
What is the diagnosis?
Treated diabetic retinopathy
the pale dots are areas of previous laser tx
A 62-year-old woman presents with sudden loss of vision in her left eye. Fundoscopy reveals the following:
What is the diagnosis?
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion - CRVO
This appearance is sometimes compared to a cheese and tomato pizza.
A 65-year-old woman presents with a sudden loss of vision in her left eye. She denies any pain, or ocular trauma, and does not wear glasses or contact lenses.
On examination, her right eye is normal. The left eye has vision reduced to hand movements only.
Fundoscopy is performed:
What is the diagnosis?
Branch retinal vein occlusion
Fundoscopy shows severe retinal haemorrhages confined to a limited area of the retina, making the diagnosis branch retinal vein occlusion.
A 67-year-old woman presents to the hospital with a hx of pain when chewing for the last 5 days. She developed a headache in the last two days and feels her sight is slightly out of focus.
On examination of her fundus, the following is seen.
What is the likely dx and mx?
central retinal artery occlusion secondary to temporal arteritis
treat the underlying cause - IV methylprednisolone
A 71-year-old man presents with sudden painless loss of vision in his left eye: Fundoscopy shows the following:
What is the most likely dx?
Retinal detachment
A woman presents with reduced vision in her right eye. She is unsure when it started but can now only make out hand movements with the right eye.
Fundoscopy of the affected eye shows the following:
What is the most likely dx?
Retinal detachment
This diabetic man complained of worsening of his vision.
What is seen on fundoscopy?
Proliferative retinopathy - note the new blood vessel formation around the optic disc
A patient with uncontrolled hypertension comes to the ophthalmology clinic for an annual review.
Looking at the image on fundoscopy, what stage of Keith-Wagener classification does this patient have?
category IV- characterised by presence of papilloedema
optic disc is enlarged and the margins are blurred, indicating papilloedema
A 65-year-old man is seen in clinic after experiencing painless visual loss with associated floaters over the last 2 days. He has a history of T2DM.
Visual acuity in the affected eye is 6/9. Fundoscopy shows the following:
What is the dx?
Vitreous haemorrhage
The image demonstrates haemorrhaging in the vitreous cavity, which is seen as the red streak in the lower centre part of the image extending to the right, which alongside the history of visual loss and floaters, suggests a diagnosis of vitreous haemorrhage
You examine the eyes of a 67-year-old man:
What is found on fundoscopy?
Macular degeneration
The image shows drusen and pigmentary changes in the macula, which are characteristic findings in AMD
Whilst examining a patient the following is found on fundoscopy:
What is this finding most suggestive of?
Papilloedema
venous engorgement
blurring of the optic disc margin
loss of the optic cup
Paton’s lines: concentric/radial retinal lines cascading from the optic disc
A 76-year-old man is seen in eye clinic for a regular check-up. He has not noticed any changes to his vision and feels well in himself. He has a history of htn and T2DM.
He undergoes fundoscopic examination which shows the following:
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- Hard exudates, indicating lipid/protein deposits - yellow deposits on the left side of the image
- Scattered dot/blot haemorrhages, surrounding the area of hard exudate, and flame haemorrhage in the RUQ of the image
- There are no signs of AV nipping or silver wiring which are suggestive of hypertensive retinopathy
- There are no obvious changes to the optic disc. The margins are well-demarcated and the cup-to-disc ratio is normal (<0.5)
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the ophthalmologist due to complaining of ‘blurry vision’. His mother has noticed he often bumps into things on the left side of him whilst walking.
On examination, right eye fundoscopy is normal. Fundoscopy of the left eye is shown below:
What is the most likely dx?
unilateral papilloedema - tumour pressing on optic nerve
A 56-year-old woman presents to the GP because she has been experiencing some visual changes. The doctor performs a fundoscopy and finds the following appearance:
The only previous fundoscopy was three years ago and was normal.
What additional feature would you find on examination?
New hypertension
Fundoscopy shows hypertensive retinopathy:
Cotton-wool spots
Retinal haemorrhages (red blotches around the centre of the image)
A ‘macular star’ composed of intraretinal lipid exudates
The optic nerve head is swollen, which is the feature that separates grade 3 and grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy
A 70-year-old man complains of reduced vision. Fundoscopy reveals the following:
What is the most likely diagnosis?
ARMD - visible Drusen
What is seen on this slit lamp assessment of a contact lens wearer?
corneal ulcer, likely due to bacterial keratitis
A 63-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presents for an eye screening.
Based on the features seen in the image, what is the classification of this man’s diabetic retinopathy?
Treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy
the dark circular scars at the periphery of the image result from pan-retinal photocoagulation
