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Ross SAM II > Ophthalmology (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Ophthalmology (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

How are MMPs involved in corneal ulceration?

A

Secreted by epithelial and stromal cells, also invading microorganisms

Involved in degradation of ECM and BM

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2
Q

What is neurotrophic keratitis?

How is it tx?

A

Corneal innervation dysfunction

Tx: abx (TS), serum, GFs, antivirals (if herpes)

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3
Q

How is a simple corneal ulcer treated?

A 
T Abx (BNP, erythromycin, tobramycin)
Atropine to stabilize vascular endothelium
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4
Q

How is a complicated (non-healing) corneal ulcer treated?

A

TS abx
Systemic antiinflammatory
Serum
*Refer

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5
Q

What are indolent ulcers?

How are they treated?

A

Superficial ulcer with redundant epithelium/nonadherence

Debride if superficial
Refer for diamond burr/grid

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6
Q

What happens if grids are used in cats?

A

Sequestrums

NEVER DO THIS

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7
Q

When is surgical therapy indicated in corneal ulcers?

A

Depth >2/3, melting, risk of rupture

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8
Q

What is a corneal sequestrum?

How is it treated?

A

Painful, brown pigmented plaque d/t degradation of collagen
Typically in cats

Medical if vascular
Surgery if avascular

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9
Q

What is pigmentary keratopathy?

How is it treated?

A

Progressive following injury to cornea

Lubrication
T steroid
Cyclosporine/tacrolimus

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10
Q

What is pannus?

How is it treated?

A

Chronic superficial keratitis with inflammatory basis
GSD, Greyhound

Lifelong tx required
T steroid (weaned off)
Cyclosporine/tacrolimus
Avoid UV light
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11
Q

What is corneal dystrophy?

How is it treated?

A

Hyperlipidemia in the center of the cornea
Only painful in Shelties

Lubrication
Cyclosporine/tacrolimus
*NO STEROIDS

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12
Q

What is calcium keratopathy?

How is it treated?

A

Mineral accumulation in the center of the cornea

Med: Lubricant
T abx
EDTA

Sx: diamond burr / needle /TCA
conjunctival graft

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13
Q

What is florida keratopathy?

How it treated?

A

Round and white stromal opacities

No treatment required

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14
Q

What is eosinophilic keratitis?
How is it diagnosed?
How is it treated?

A

Eosinophilic white plaque lesion in cats, associated with FHV

Dx: cytology for eos
abx
T steroids

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15
Q

How is immune keratitis treated?

A

T steroids

Cyclosporine/tacrolimus

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16
Q

What is bullous keratopathy?

How is it treated?

A

Breakdown of endothelium resulting in profound edema
Cats only

T NaCl ointment
*TE flap (only time indicated!)

17
Q

What are dermoids and choristomas?

How are they treated?

A

Congenital tumors involving lid, conjunctiva, and/or cornea

No tx needed

18
Q

What is entropion?

How is it treated?

A

Inward rolling of lid margin

Surgery indicated

  1. Hotz-Celsus
  2. Temporary eyelid tacking
19
Q

What is ectropion?

A

Eversion of eyelid margin

20
Q

What is blepharitis?

How is it treated?

A

Inflammation of the eyelid
Most often allergic

Warm compresses
TS abx
Steroids if severe

21
Q

What techniques are available for eyelid neoplasia?

A 
Cryotherapy/laser ablation
Wedge resection (20% of margin)
22
Q

What is distichia?

How is it treated?

A

Cilia from meibomian glands

Lubrication (ointment)
Manual epilation (temporary)
Electrolysis
*Cryotherapy

23
Q

What is KCS?

A

Deficiency of the aqueous portion of tear film

May be qualitative (mucin deficiency) or quantitative

24
Q

What signalments are associated with KCS?

A

Yorkies, bulldogs, westies

Burmese cats

25
Q

What etiology is most common in KCS?

A

Immune-mediated lacrimal gland adenitis

26
Q

How is KCS diagnosed?

A

STT

27
Q

How is KCS treated?

A

Replace tears
Stimulate tear production (cyclosporine/tacrolimus)
Add 2% pilocarpine if neurogenic
Abx and corticosteroids

28
Q

What is the most common CS associated with imperforate puncta?

A

Epiphora (tear staining)

29
Q

Conjunctivitis in cats… most likely dx?

A

Herpesvirus

30
Q

How is herpesviral conjunctivitis treated?

A 
T abx (tetracycline, erythromycin)
Antivirals

*steroids CONTRA

31
Q

How is chlamydia conjunctivitis treated?

A

Tetracycline topically

32
Q

How does medial canthal pocket syndrome present?

How is it treated?

A

Dogs with large orbits
Nasal fornix is large, trapping debris –> conjunctivitis
CS: mucus at medial canthus in the morning
Tx: flush orbit and lubricate

33
Q

What breed is associated with nodular granulomatous episcleritis?
How does it present and how is it treated?

A

Collies
CS: nodular nonpigmented mass from limbus or third eyelid

ST steroids
Azathioprine
Surgical excision +/- cryo

34
Q

T/F: excising the TE in dogs may cause KCS

A

TRUE, NEVER DO IT

Ross SAM II (2 decks)

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