Ophthalmology - condition presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Sudden onset severe painful eye

Red eye

Blurred vision

Halos around lights

Associated headache, nausea and vomiting

Photophobia

On examination - red eye, teary, hazy cornea, decreased visual acuity, dilatation of pupil, fixed pupil size, firm eyeball on palpation

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

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2
Q

Asymptomatic to start with

Loss of peripheral vision first and then tunnel vision

Gradual onset of fluctuating pain, headaches, blurred vision and halos around lights

A

Open angle glaucoma

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3
Q

Gradually worsening central visual field loss (central scotoma)

Reduced visual acuity

Crooked or wavy appearance to straight lines

A

Age related macular degeneration

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4
Q

Very slow reduction in vision

Increasing progressive blurring of vision

Change of colour of vision - colours becoming more brown/yellow

Starbursts around lights (especially at night time)

Loss of red reflex - on examination

A

Cataracts

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5
Q

Causes of painless red eye

A

Conjunctivitis
Episcleritis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage

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6
Q

Causes of painful red eye

A
Glaucoma
Anterior uveitis
Scleritis
Corneal abrasions/ulceration
Keratitis
Foreign body
Traumatic or chemical injury
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7
Q

Unilateral or bilateral red eye
Itchy and gritty
Discharge from the eye

No pain, reduced visual acuity or photophobia

A

Conjuncitivitis

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8
Q

Painful red eye - typically unilateral

Ciliary flush

Reduced visual acuity

Painful eye movements

Small or abnormally shaped pupil

Lacrimation

Photophobia

Hypopyon

A

Anterior uveitis

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9
Q

Acute onset unilateral symptoms

Red eye - segmental redness (rather than diffuse - typically in lateral sclera)

Foreign body sensation

No pain or mild pain

No discharge

A

Episcleritis

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10
Q

Severe pain

Pain on eye movement

Photophobia

Eye watering

Reduced visual acuity

Abnormal pupil reaction to light

Tenderness to palpation of the eye

A

Scleritis

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11
Q

History of contact lenses or foreign body

Painful red eye

Foreign body sensation

Watering eye

Blurred vision

Photophobia

A

Corneal abrasions

Differential could be herpes keratitis (very similar presentation but without obvious trauma to eye??)

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12
Q

Painless

Spots of vision loss

Flashes and floaters

A

Posterior vitreous detachment

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13
Q

Peripheral vision loss - often sudden

Blurred or distorted vision

Flashes and floaters

A

Retinal detachment

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14
Q

Sudden painless loss of vision with cardio risk factors

RAPD

A

Central retinal vein occlusion/ central retinal artery occlusion

RAPD is a feature of central retinal artery occlusion

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15
Q

Night blindness - first symptom

Peripheral vision lost before central vision

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

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16
Q

Differential for pain worse on eye movement

A

Scleritis
Anterior uveitis
Orbital cellulitis

17
Q

Differential for photophobia in ophthalmology conditions

A

Acute angle glaucoma
Anterior uveitis
Scleritis
Corneal abrasions

18
Q

Age Related Macular Degeneration presentations

A

Gradual worsening vision - central visual field loss (central scotoma)

Reduced visual acuity

Crooked/wavy appearance to straight lines

Wet vs Dry - wet age-related macular degeneration presents more acutely - loss of vision over days (full loss in 2-3y), also often progresses to bilateral disease

19
Q

Retinal detachment presentation

A

Painless vision loss (peripheral vision loss)

Blurred distorted vision

Flashes and floaters

20
Q

Cataracts presentations

A

Very gradual loss of vision

Progressive blurring of vision

Change of colour of vision with colours becoming more brown or yellow

“Starbursts” can appear around lights, particularly at night time

Loss of red reflex

21
Q

Open angle glaucoma presentation

A

Asymptomatic to start with

Loss of peripheral vision first and then tunnel vision

Gradual onset of fluctuating pain, headaches, blurred vision and halos around lights

22
Q

Conjunctivitis presentation

A

Unilateral or bilateral red eye
Itchy and gritty
Discharge from the eye

No pain, reduced visual acuity or photophobia

23
Q

Anterior uveitis presentation

A

Painful red eye - typically unilateral

Ciliary flush

Reduced visual acuity

Painful eye movements

Small or abnormally shaped pupil

Lacrimation

Photophobia

Hypopyon

24
Q

Corneal abrasions presentation

A

History of contact lenses or foreign body

Painful red eye

Foreign body sensation

Watering eye

Blurred vision

Photophobia

Herpes Keratitis is a differential with a very similar presentation but often without history of trauma

25
Q

Scleritis presentation

A

Severe pain

Pain on eye movement

Photophobia

Eye watering

Reduced visual acuity

Abnormal pupil reaction to light

Tenderness to palpation of the eye

26
Q

Central retinal vein/artery occlusion presentation

A

Sudden painless loss of vision with cardio risk factors

RAPD - central retinal artery occlusion

27
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma presentation

A

Sudden onset severe painful eye

Red eye

Blurred vision

Halos around lights

Associated headache, nausea and vomiting

Photophobia

On examination - red eye, teary, hazy cornea, decreased visual acuity, dilatation of pupil, fixed pupil size, firm eyeball on palpation

28
Q

Episcleritis presentation

A

Acute onset unilateral symptoms

Red eye - segmental redness (rather than diffuse - typically in lateral sclera)

Foreign body sensation

No pain or mild pain

No discharge

29
Q

Posterior vitreous detachment presentation

A

Painless

Spots of vision loss

Flashes and floaters

30
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa presentation

A

Night blindness - first symptom

Peripheral vision lost before central vision