Ophthalmology Flashcards
Glaucoma
Topical beta-blockers (betaxolol, timolol), topical sympathomimetics (brimonidine), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide, brinzolamide, dorzolamide), PG analogues (latanoprost, travoprost), miotic drugs (pilocarpine)
Pupil dilation for fundoscopy
Antimuscarinics e.g. atropine, cyclopentolate, homatropine, tropicamide
Cataract surgery
Sympathomimetics e.g. phenylephrine
Antibacterial agents for ocular infections
Gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, neomycin
Antiviral agents for ocular infections
Aciclovir
Topical corticosteroids for ?
Dexamethasone and prednisolone
For uveitis and scleritis
Topical antihistamines for ?
Antazoline and levocabastine
For allergic conjunctivitis
Topical ocular anaesthetics
Oxybuprocaine, lidocaine, tetracaine
For tonometry or cataract surgery
Topical beta-blockers
Betaxolol, timolol
Use: 2nd line to lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular HTN
Used less due to systemic side effects
Caution in asthmatics due to bronchoconstriction
Topical beta-blockers
Betaxolol, timolol
Glaucoma
Topical sympathomimetics
Brimonidine
Glaucoma
PG analogues
Latanoprost, travoprost
Use: to lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular HTN
MOA: reduce intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humour via the uveoscleral pathway
Adverse effects: blurred vision, conjunctival reddening (hyperaemia), ocular irritation and pain. May cause a permanent change in eye colour (by increasing amount of melanin in stroll melanocytes of the iris), affects 1 in 3.
Warnings: caution when the lens is absent (aphasia) or artificial (pseudophakia), and in patients with iritis/uveitis/macular oedema.
PG analogues
Latanoprost, travoprost
Miotic drugs
Pilocarpine
