Ophthalmology

Question 1

Uveitis

Answer 1

Unilateral burning, red eye
Blurred vision + photophobia

Treat with prednisolone + ciclosporin

Question 2

Scleritis

Answer 2

Pain worse with movement
Watering + photophobia

Treat with NSAIDs and prednisolone

Question 3

Optic neuritis

Answer 3

Swollen optic nerve
Periocular pain, gradual vision loss

Treat with methylprednisolone

Question 4

Corneal ulcer

Answer 4

White hazy mark on cornea
Pain + redness

Treat with acyclovir

Question 5

Open angle glaucoma

Answer 5

Cupping and pallor of optic disc
Slow onset painless peripheral visual field loss

Treat with prostaglandin analogs (pilocarpine)

Question 6

Angle closure glaucoma

Answer 6

Sudden severe eye pain, blurred vision
Redness + N+V

Treat with timolol, prednisolone, pilocarpine + acetazolamide (IV)

Question 7

Conjunctivitis

Answer 7

Pain, burning, redness
Itching + discharge

Treat with chloramphenicol

Question 8

Horners

Answer 8

Sympathetic nerve interruption from hypothalamus to orbit
Ptosis
Miosis
Bloodshot conjunctiva

Question 9

Retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 9

Reduced night vision
Loss of mid peripheral visual field
Photophobia
Myopia

Fundoscopy = peripheral pigment deposits

Treat with Vit A and acetazolamide

Question 10

Detached retina

Answer 10

Floaters, flashes of light
Painless visual field loss
Risk: myopia

Question 11

Macula degeneration

Answer 11

Central vision loss
Use Amsler grid to diagnose
Wet = haemorrhages + scarring

Question 12

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 12

Blurred vision, darkened images

Dot blot haemorrhages, cotton wool spots + hard exudates + neovascularisation

Question 13

Cataracts

Answer 13

Gradual onset blurred vision
Glares/ haloes

Loss of red reflex

Question 14

Orbital cellulitis

Answer 14

Redness, swollen eye
Pain

Cefotaxime + flucloxacillin + metronidazole (IV)