Ophthalmology Flashcards
1
Q
sclera
A
outer protective layer of the eye; the portion seen on the anterior portion of the eyeball is referred to as the white of eye
2
Q
cornea
A
transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is anterior to aqueous humor and lies over the iris. It allows the light rays to enter the eye
3
Q
choroid
A
middle layer of the eye, which in interlaced with many blood vessels that supple nutrient to the eyes
4
Q
iris
A
the pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of ligh entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil
5
Q
pupil
A
opening in the center of the iris
6
Q
lens
A
lies directly behind the pupil; its function is to focus and bend light
7
Q
retina
A
innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors
8
Q
aqueous humor
A
watery liquid found in teh anterior cavity of the eye. It providdes nourishment to nearby structures and maintains shape in the anterior part of the eye
9
Q
vitreous humor
A
jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape
10
Q
meibomian glands
A
oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of th eyelids that help lubricate the eye
11
Q
lacrimal glands and ducts
A
produce and drain tears
12
Q
optic nerves
A
carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain
13
Q
conjunctiva
A
mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera
14
Q
blephar/o
A
eyelid
15
Q
cor/o, core/o, pupil/o
A
pupil
16
Q
corne/o, kerat/o
A
cornea
17
Q
dacry/o, lacrim/o
A
tear, tear duct
18
Q
ir/o, irid/o
A
iris
19
Q
ocul/o, ophthalm/o
A
eye
20
Q
opt/o
A
vision
21
Q
phac/o, phak/o
A
lens
22
Q
retin/o
A
retina
23
Q
scler/o
A
sclera
24
Q
cry/o
A
cold
25
dipl/o
two, double
26
is/o
equal
27
phot/o
light
28
ton/o
tension, pressure
29
bi-, bin-
two
30
-opia
vision (condition)
31
-phobia
abnormal fear of or aversion to specific things
32
-plegia
paralysis
33
aphakia (a-FA-ka-a)
condition of without a lens
34
blepharitis (blef-a-RI-tis)
inflammation of the eyelid
35
blepharoptosis (blef-ar-op-TO-sis)
drooping of the eyelid
36
conjunctivits (kon-junk-ti-VI-tis)
inflammation of the conjunctiva
37
dacryocystitis (dak- re-o-sis-TI-tis)
inflammation of the tear
38
diplopia (di-PLO-pe-a)
double vision
39
endophthalmitis (en-dof-thal-MI-tis)
inflammation of the eye
40
iridoplegia (ir-i-do-PLE-ja)
paralysis of the iris
41
iritis (i-RI-tis)
inflammation of the iris
42
keratitis (ker-a-TI-tis)
inflammation for the cornea
43
keratomalacia (ker-a-to-ma-LA-sha)
softening of the cornea
44
leukocoria (lu-ko-KO-re-a)
condition of a white pupil
45
oculomycosis (ok-u-lo-mi-KO-sis)
abnormal condition of the eye caused by a fungus
46
ophthalmalgia (of-thal-MAL-ja)
pain in the eye
47
ophthalmoplegia (of-thal-mo-PLE-ja)
paralysis of the eye
48
phacomalacia (fak-o-ma-LA-sha)
softening of the lens
49
photophobia (fo-to-FO-be-a)
abnormal fear of light
50
retinoblastoma (ret-i-no-blas-TO-ma)
tumor arising from a developing retinal cell
51
retinopathy (ret-i-NOP-a-the)
disease of the retina (any noninflammatory)
52
sclerokeratitis (skler-o-ker-a-TI-tis)
inflammation of the sclera and the cornea
53
scleromalacia (skler-o-malacia)
softening of the sclera
54
xerophthalmia (zer-of-THAL-me-a)
condition of dry eye
55
amblyopia (am-ble-O-pe-a)
reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated with strabismus, unequal refractive errors, or otherwise impaired vision (also called lazy eye)
56
astigmatism (Ast)
defective curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye.
57
cataract
clouding of the lens of the eye
58
chalazion (ka-LA-ze-on)
obstruction of an oil gland of the eyelid (also called meibomian cyst)
59
detached retina
separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye
60
glaucoma (glaw-KO-ma)
eye disorder characterized by optic nerve damage usually caused by abnormal increase of intraocular pressure (IOP). If not treated it will lead to blindness
61
hyperopia (hi-per-O-pe-a)
farsightedness
62
macular degeneration
a progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called the macula lutea, resulting in loss of central vision
63
myopia (mi-O-pe-a)
nearsightedness
64
nyctalopia (nik-ta-LO-pe-a)
poor vision at night or in faint light (also called night blindness)
65
nystagmus (nis-TAG-mus)
involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes
66
pinguecula (ping-GWEH-ku-la)
yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to exposure to ultraviolet light, dry climates, and dust. A pinguecula that spreads onto the cornea becomes a pterygium
67
presbyopia (pres-be-O-pe-a)
impaired vision as a result of aging
68
pterygium (te-RIJ-e-um)
thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjuctiva, usually caused from sun exposure
69
retinitis pigmentosa (ret-i-NI-tis pig-men-TO-sa)
hereditary, progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes
70
strabismus (stra-BIZ-mus)
abnormal condition of squint or crossed eyes caused by the visual axes not meeting at the same point
71
sty (sti)
infection of an oil gland of the eyelid (also spelled stye and also called hordeolum)
72
blepharoplasty (BLEF-a-ro-plas-te)
surgical repair of the eyelid
73
cryoretinopexy (kri-o-RE-tin-o-pek-se)
surgical fixation of the retina by using extreme cold (carbon dioxide)
74
dacryocystorhinostomy (dak-re-o-sis-to-ri-NOS-to-me)
creation of an artificial opening between the tear (lacrimal) sac and the nose (to restore drainage into the nose when the nasolacrimal duct is obstructed or obliterated)
75
dacryocystotomy (dak-re-o-sis-TOT-o-me)
incision of the tear (lacrimal) sac
76
iridectomy (ir-i-DEK-to-me)
excision of the iris
77
iridotomy (ir-i-DOT-o-me)
incision of the iris
78
keratoplasty (KER-a-to-plas-te)
surgical repair of the cornea (corneal transplant)
79
sclerotomy (skle-ROT-o-me)
incision of the sclera
80
enucleation (e-nu-kle-A-shun)
surgical removal of the eyeball (also the removal of any organ that comes out clean and whole)
81
LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis)
a laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia.
82
phacoemulsification (PHACO) (fa-ko-e-mul-si-fi-KA-shun)
method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated
83
PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) (fo-to-re-FRAK-tiv ker-a-TEK-to-me)
a procedure for the treatment of nearsightedness in which an Excimer laser is used to reshape the corneal surface by removing a portion of the cornea
84
retinal photocoagulation (RET-in-al fo-to-ko-ag-u-LA-shun)
an intense beam of light from a laser condenses retinal tissue to seal leaking blood vessels, to destroy abnormal tissue or lesions, or to bond the retina to the back of the eye.
85
scleral buckling (SKLER-al BUK-ling)
a procedure to repair a detached retina. A strip of sclera is resected, or a fold is made in the slera. An exoplant is used to hold and buckle the sclera
86
trabeculectomy (tra-bek-u-LEK-to-me)
surgical creation of a drain to reduce intraocular pressure (used to treat glaucoma)
87
vitrectomy (vi-TREK-to-me)
surgical removal of all or part of the vitreous humor
88
fluorescein angiography (flo-RES-en an-je-OG-ra-fe)
digital process of recording blood vessels
89
keratometer (ker-a-TOM-e-ter)
instrument used to measure (the curvature of) the cornea (used for fitting contact lenses)
90
ophthalmoscope (of-THAL-mo-skop)
instrument used for visual examination of the interior of the eye
91
ophthalmoscopy (of-thal-MOS-ko-pe)
visual examination of the eye
92
optometry (op-TOM-e-tre)
measurement of vision
93
pupillometer (pu-pil-OM-e-ter)
instrument used to measure the diameter of the pupil
94
pupilliscope
instrument used for visual examination of the pupil
95
retinoscopy (ret-i-NOS-ko-pe)
visual examination of the retina
96
tonometer (to-NOM-e-ter)
instrument used to measure pressure within the eye (used to diagnose glaucoma)
97
tonometry (to-NOM-e-tre)
measurement of pressure within the eye
98
anisocoria (an-i-so-KOR-e-a)
condition of absence of equal pupil
99
binocular (bin-OK-u-lar)
pertaining to two or both eyes
100
corneal (KOR-ne-al)
pertaining to the cornea
101
intraocular (in-tra-OK-u-lar)
pertaining to within the eye
102
isocoria (i-so-KOR-e-a)
condition of equal pupil
103
lacrimal (LAK-ri-mal)
pertaining to tears
104
nasolacrimal (na-zo-LAK-ri-mal)
pertaining to the nose and tear ducts
105
ophthalmic (of-THAL-mik)
pertaining to the eye
106
ophthalmologist (of-thal-MOL-o-jist)
physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye
107
ophthalmology (Ophth) (of-thal-MOL-o-je)
study of the eye
108
ophthalmopathy (of-thal-MOP-a-the)
any disease of the eye
109
optic
pertaining to vision
110
pseudophakia (soo-do-FA-ke-a)
condition of false lens
111
pupillary (pu-pi-lar-e)
pertaining to the pupil
112
reinal (RET-i-nal)
pertaining to the retina
113
emmetropia (em-e-TRO-pe-a)
normal refractive condition of the eye
114
intraocular lens
an artifical lens implanted within the eye during cataract surgery
115
miotic (mi-OT-ik)
agent that constricts the pupil
116
mydriatic (mid-re-AT-ik)
agent that dilates the pupil
117
optician (op-TISH-in)
a specialist who fills prescriptions for lenses
118
optometrist (op-TOM-e-trist)
a health professional who prescribes corrective lenses
119
visual acuity
sharpness of vision for either distance or near
120
ARMD
age related macular degeneration
121
ast
astigmatism
122
Em
emmetropia (em-e-TRO-pe-a)
123
IOL
intraocular lens
124
IOP
intraocular pressure
125
Ophth
ophthalmology
126
PHACO
phacoemulsification
127
VA
visual acuity
