[Ophthalmology]

Question 1

Glaucoma

define

Answer 1

chronic ⇪ [IOP >21] that → [optic CN2] damage → vision loss if untreated

IOP: [12-(nml)-21-(Glaucoma)-30≤ HIGH]

Question 2

Open Angle Glaucoma

etiology (3)

Answer 2

▶distal to [iris:OPEN:cornea]…

▶ actual [aq.humor drainage canals] is independently blocked →

▶-{[⇪ IOP > 21] _even(io\ iris:OPEN:cornea) 2/2 drainage canal blockage} = OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA^{= MOST COMMON}

IOP: [12-(nml)-21-(Glaucoma)-30≤ HIGH]

Question 3

open Angle Glaucoma

risk factors (8)

Answer 3

1. Africans
2. Hispanic
3. CTS
4. HTN
5. [myOpia nearsighted]
6. [> 60 yo]
7. eye trauma
8. FHx

Question 4

open Angle Glaucoma

sx

Answer 4

Chronic gradual loss of PERIPHERAL vision

Question 5

open Angle Glaucoma
dx -2

Answer 5

-High [IOP > 30]
-[⇪ cup-to-disk ratio > 50% (A in image)]

Question 6

open Angle Glaucoma

Tx -4

Answer 6

TOPICAL
1ST. [Prostaglandin🟢 (Latanoprost)]

2ND.[α2🟢 (brimonidine)]

3a. [General β🟥 (timolol)]
3b. [CAI (dorzolamide)]

Question 7

CLOSED Angle Glaucoma

etx

Answer 7

BECAUSE OF a CLOSED [iris to Cornea (ANT chamber) angle] → [⬇︎aq humor outflow] → PAINFUL [ ⇪ IOP > 21(>30=CRITICAL)]

Question 8

CLOSED Angle Glaucoma

risk factors (6)

Answer 8

1. Asian
2. [> 60 yo]
3. female
4. [hyperopia_FAR sighted]
5. FHx

Question 9

CLOSED Angle Glaucoma

sx (4)

Answer 9

1. [Acute eye pain with HA]
2. conjunctival injection
3. [Fixed Dilated pupils]
4. “halos around lights”

Question 10

CLOSED Angle Glaucoma
tx (7)

Answer 10

1st Lines:
👁‍🗨1a. [(IV/PO/top) CAI]
👁‍🗨1b. [(top) β🟥]
👁‍🗨1c. [(top) α2🟢]
👁‍🗨1d. [(top) {miotic} Μ🟥 ] = pilocarpine

2nd line (If IOP>50, start hyperosmotic agents:
2a. glycerine
2b. mannitol

Definitive (for high risk pts, after acute episode resolves):
📌[Laser peripheral iridotomy]