Ophthalmologie Flashcards
Causes of peripheral vision loss
and additional symptoms
open angle glaucoma Painful red eye. Headache Nausea vomiting systemic symptoms
1) Causes of sudden painless vision loss
2) Fundoscopy sign for both
1) Retinal artery thrombosis and retinal artery occlusion
2) Vein - blot haemorrhages artery - pallor
Causes of central retinal artery arterial thrombosis
Atherosclerosis most common, GCA
Causes of blurred vision
Cataracts
Vitreous humour detachment
Other symptoms associated with cataracts
starbursts around lights
Brown yellow colours
Causes of central vision loss
age related macular degeneration
Causes of painful red eye
Acute angle glaucoma
Ant uveititis
Scleritis
Herpes keratitis
Causes of painless red eye
Sub conductive haemorrhage
Episcleritis
Conjunctivitis
Fundoscopy signs of diabetic retinopathy
Cotton wool spots blot haemorrhages neovascularisation micro aneurysms hard exudates
Fundoscopy signs of hypertensive retinopathy
Cotton wool spots arteriole haemorrhages Artery-venous nipping Papilloedema hard exudates
Fundoscopy signs of glaucoma
optic disc cupping
fundoscopy signs of macular degeneration
drusens deposits
oedema
fundoscopy signs of retinal vein occlusion
blot haemorrhages
fundoscopy signs of retinal artery thrombosis
Pallor + cherry red spot
1) Pathology of open angle glaucoma
2) What is classed as raised intra-ocular pressure
3) RF for open angle
4) Management
1) Poor drainage of aqueous humour through trabecular network
2) pressure > 23.9mmHg
3) African, Myopia, old, Fhx
4) Prostoglandin analogue - latanoprost
Beta blocker - timolol
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - dorzolamide
1) Initial management of patient with acute painful red eye
2) Management of acute angle glaucoma
3) Definitive management
4) RF for acute angle
1) Urgent/same day referral to ophthalmologist
2) Lie on back, PO/IV acetazolamide, pilocarpine eyedrops (2% for blue, 4% for red). Analgesic and anti-emetic
3) Laser iridotomy
4) Female, age, Chinese, hyperopia
1) Type of vision loss in cataracts
2) RF for cataracts
3) Sign on examination
4) Management and complication
1) General loss in acuity, Starbursts around lights
2) Old age, steroids, alcohol, smoking, diabetes, hypoclacaemia
3) Loss of red reflex
4) Replacement of sense.
Endophthalmitis. Inflammation of vitreous humour. Mx with intra-vitreous abx
1) Symptoms of anterior uveitis
2) Associated conditions
3) Management
1) Dull, aching, painful red eye Ciliary flush Reduced visual acuity Floaters and flashes miosis (constricted pupil) Photophobia Pain on movement Hypopyon 2) HLA-B27 conditions 3) Steroids + cyclopentilate eyedrops
additional symptoms of scleritis
pain on eye movement
decreased visual acuity
photophobia
Investigation of herpes keratitis
fluorescein eye drops -> denditic ulcer seen
risk factors for retinal vein occlusion
leukemia
SLE
hypertension
diabetes
What could cause the following
painless blurred vision over 2 days
spots of vision loss
floaters and flashing lights
What would be the management
What does this put the pt at risk of
Vitreous detachment
No management, brain will adjust
Retinal detachment
What would cause the following
Peripheral vision loss over 2 days and flashing lights/floaters
Retinal detachment
What would result in the following
Central scotoma
unilateral pain on eye movement
loss of colour vision
Afferent pupil light reflex defect
Optic neuritis
