Ophthalmic exam Flashcards
What does signalment provide in veterinary diagnosis?
Clue to the diagnosis
Signalment includes breed, age, and gender, which can indicate specific conditions.
Which breed is known to get keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)?
Westies
KCS is also referred to as ‘dry eye’.
What age-related condition can a 12-year-old dog present with?
Intraocular neoplasia
Age can be a significant factor in diagnosing ocular conditions.
What general health factors should be considered in an ophthalmic history?
Vaccination, worming, diet, other medical conditions, current medications
These factors can influence ocular health.
What is the significance of the duration and progression of signs in ophthalmic history?
Helps determine the urgency and potential cause of the ocular issue
Longer durations may indicate chronic conditions.
What should be examined first in an eye examination?
Normal eye
This helps establish a baseline for comparison.
What are the components of a hands-off eye examination?
Behaviour, eye symmetry, eyelid conformation, size of palpebral fissure, position of third eyelid
These observations can provide essential clues about ocular health.
What does the Schirmer tear test measure?
Aqueous part of tear film
It assesses tear production in response to stimulus.
When should the Schirmer tear test be performed?
Before drops applied, any eye with discharge or conjunctivitis
It should not be performed if there is a risk of perforation.
What is the normal range of intraocular pressure (IOP) in dogs and cats?
10-25 mmHg in dogs and cats
IOP is crucial for diagnosing conditions like glaucoma.
What reflex is the most reliable test of vision?
Menace response
This reflex assesses the ability to perceive visual stimuli.
What is fluorescein staining used for?
Ulcer assessment and nasolacrimal patency
It helps identify corneal lesions and check for blockage.
What is the function of gonioscopy?
Assessment of iridocorneal drainage angle
It is used to diagnose conditions like primary glaucoma.
What does slit lamp biomicroscopy provide?
Excellent illumination and magnification
It allows detailed examination of ocular structures.
What should the position of the third eyelid indicate during examination?
Potential ocular pain or disease
Abnormal positioning can suggest underlying issues.
Fill in the blank: The _______ reflex is commonly tested to assess corneal sensation.
Corneal
A normal response includes globe retraction and blinking.
What is a common condition associated with anisocoria?
Reflex uveitis
Anisocoria refers to unequal pupil sizes.
What may indicate the presence of a cataract?
Opacity in visual axis
Cataracts can lead to decreased vision.
What does a difference of >8mmHg between eyes indicate?
Abnormal intraocular pressure
This can suggest various ocular conditions.
True or False: The iris constrictor muscle atrophy can be age-related.
True
This can affect pupillary light reflex responses.
What is the purpose of tonometry in an eye exam?
Measurement of intraocular pressure
This is essential for diagnosing glaucoma and other conditions.
What is the recommended method for performing a nasolacrimal duct flush?
Usually sedate/GA, can perform conscious with local anaesthetic
This technique may require experience to avoid complications.
What are the normal IOP values for rabbits?
15-20 mmHg
IOP values can vary between species.
