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Pharm II: Exam 1 > Ophthalmic disorders > Flashcards

Ophthalmic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: After applying eye drops try to blink to distribute medication throughout the eye.

A

F; following applicationattempt to close eyes for 2-3 minutes with your head tipped down and do not squeeze or blink eyes.

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2
Q

Who most commonly present with corneal abrasions?

A

Most common in children

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3
Q

Describe the three severities related to corneal abrasions and the prognosis.

A
  • Minor: Usually heal quickly
  • Moderate: 24-72h
  • Deep: Require corneal transplants if vision is impaired
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4
Q

What possible medications are available for treatment of corneal abrasion?

A
  • NSAID (Topical)
    • Ketorolac
    • Diclofenac
  • ABX (Topical)
    • Ciprofloxacin (TOP CHOICE)
    • Erythromycin
    • Polymycin B/Trimethoprim
    • Sulfacetamide
    • Gentamicin
    • Oflaxicin
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5
Q

What are benefits to application of topical ABX?

A
  • Prevents infections (Contact lens wearers should choose for coverage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
  • Often used prophylactically
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6
Q

What is the most common conjunctivitis?

A

Viral

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7
Q

What is the clincal presentation of Viral Conjunctivitis?

A
  • Observed as Pink Eye
  • Most often caused by adenovirus
  • Easily spreadable and often associated with an acute respiratory virus
  • Mild condition resolve within 2 weeks
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8
Q

What medications are available for treatment of Viral conjunctivitis?

A

[Goal: prevent spread]

  • Artifical tears
  • Cold compress
  • Topical decongestants
    • Naphazoline
    • Oxymetazoline
    • Phenylephrine

(NO ABX!!!!!)

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9
Q

What are common bacterias that cause Bacterial Conjunctivitis? How is the prognosis? (aka which ar self limiting)

A
  • Strep pneumonia (Self-limiting)
  • Staph aureus
  • Haemophilius influenzae (Self-limiting)
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10
Q

What are common bacterias that cause Hyperacute Bacterial conjunctivitis?

A
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • N. meningitidis
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11
Q

What treatments are available for Hyperacute Bacterial Conjunctivitis?

A
  • Ceftriaxone (1 GM IM)
  • Adjunct Topical medication
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12
Q

What treatments are available for Bacterial Conjunctivitis? What medications are considered 1st LINE?

A
  • Broad spectrum ABX
    • Polymycin B/Trimethoprim (1st LINE)
    • Polymycin B/Bacitracin (1st LINE)
    • Erythromycin (1st LINE)
    • Tobramycin
    • Fluoroquinolone (topical)
      • Levofloxacin
      • Gemifloxacin
      • Moxifloxacin
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13
Q

What are three different types of Allergic Conjunctivitis?

A
  • Seasonal (most common IgE mediated)
  • Perennial
  • Conjunctivitis medicamentosa (Drug-induced overuse of vasoconstrictive agents)
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14
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Allergic Conjunctivitis?

A

Allergen exposure –> Mast cell degranulation –> Histamine release and subsequent itching, redness and swelling –> Mucus secretion and conjunctivial vasodilation (Leukotrienes and prostaglandins)

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15
Q

What medications are available for treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis?

A

[Preventive: Avoid allergens]

  • Artifical tears
  • Topical antihistamine (or antihistamine/decongestant combo)
  • Mast cell stabilizer
  • Ketorlac (NSAID, topical)
  • Topical steroids
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16
Q

What side effects are related to Antihistamine/Decongestant combinations?

A

Decongestant may cause stinging and mydriasis (Should not be used for longer than 10 days, may cause rebound congestion in long-term use)

17
Q

What is the treatment time for Allergic Conjunctivitis with Mast Cell Stabilizer?

A

Full response in about 4 weeks

18
Q

What is Ketorlac (NSAID, topical) approved for treatment of in association with Allergic Conjuncitivitis?

A

Ocular itching

19
Q

What are differences between Topical NSAID and Topical Steriods for treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis?

A

Topical NSAIDs less effective as topical steroids but less ADRs (topical steroids are LAST LINE)

20
Q

What changes in allergic conjunctivitis are observed when treated with topical steroids?

A
  • Mask infection
  • Affect wound healing
  • INC intraocular pressure
  • May contribute to cataract formation
21
Q

What symptoms are assoicated with Dry Eyes?

A
  • Blurred vision
  • Irritation
  • Burning
  • Itching
  • Soreness
  • Sensation of a foreign body in eye
22
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Dry Eyes?

A
  • May cause impaired secreation and/or INC’d tear evaporation
  • Related to aging, change hormones, systemic inflammatory diseases, surgery, and medications (anticholinergics)
23
Q

What treatments are available for Dry Eyes?

A

Manage disease (if 2ndary to disease)

Mainstay RX artificial tears

24
Q

What are differences between baterial and viral conjunctivitis?

A

Bacterial often starts U/L and migrates to B/L (viral begins B/L)

Pharm II: Exam 1 (7 decks)

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