Ophthalmic Agents Flashcards
Pharmacology exam 1
What are the actions of Ophthalmic agents
Constrict pupils
Dilate pupils
Cycloplegic effect
Inflammation & Infection and allergy therapy
What is the purpose of constricting the pupils?
Decreases resistance to the flow of fluid. Less Fluid less pressure
What is the purpose of dilating the pupil?
For an eye exam
What is the purpose of Cycloplegic action?
Paralyzes the muscle that controls the lens to aid refraction. Used during an eye exam/surgery.
What is Mydriatic?
Dilate pupils, allow for examination of the retina
What is Miotic?
Constrict pupils, decreases resistance to aqueous flow - used for glaucoma.
What is the suffix of the drug class Ophthalmic Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?
“Zolamide”
Brinzolamide
Dorzolamide
What is the suffix of the drug class Ophthalmic Beta Adrenergic Blockers?
“olol”
Betaxolol
Timolol
What is the suffix of the drug class Ophthalmic Prostaglandin Agonist?
“prost”
Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatroprost
How does Ophthalmic Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors work?
By reducing the Aqueous humor in the eye which will decrease pressure. Used to treat Glaucoma.
How does Ophthalmic Beta Adrenergic Blockers work?
By reducing Aqueous humor production. Less fluid less pressure. Used to treat Glaucoma
How does Ophthalmic Prostaglandin Agonist work?
Increases uveoscleral outflow so more fluid can leave the eye. Used to treat Glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
What are the mutual adverse effect of all the Ophthalmic agents?
Irritation: Burning/Stinging
Blurring of vision especially if medication is in a balm form.
Possibly adverse effects on developing fetus (animal studies)
What is the possible adverse effects of the generic drug Timolol?
SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System) blocker if absorbed systemically. This may decrease heart rate, may make a person drowsy.
What is the possible adverse effect of the generic drug Travoprost?
May temporarily or permanently darken eye color.
There may be a foreign body sensation in the eye.
What history should ask/examine the patient for during the nursing assessment?
Allergy, current medication and medical conditions.
What physical assessment should you do during the nursing assessment?
Eye assessment, possibly and eye exam
What are possible nursing diagnosis?
Acute pain/ impaired comfort
Risk for injury
Knowledge deficit
What implementations should you anticipate?
Comfort and safety measures
Patient teaching
Correct administration
What evaluations would you anticipate to make?
Response of medication
Effectiveness of comfort and safety measures
Effectiveness of teaching
Compliance with other medications.
What drug-drug interactions do you find with ophthalmic agents?
Space drugs apart so that they don’t touch each other in the eye.
What drug class does the generic drug Latanoprost belong to?
Ophthalmic Prostaglandin Agonist
What drug class does the generic drug Brinzolamide belong to?
Ophthalmic Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors
What drug class does the generic drug Betaxolol belong to?
Ophthalmic Beta Adrenergic blockers
What are all 3 drug classes used to treat?
Glaucoma
What is Glaucoma?
Eye disease that is caused by Fluid buildup in the eye that increases pressure on the optic nerve.
It causes blurred or low vision, halos, eye floaters or flashers, sudden eye pain or headaches, sensitivity to light
What type of ophthalmic agent often causes headaches?
Mydriatic due to the pupil dilation allowing more light into the eye.
