ophthal treatments

Question 1

acute closed angle glaucoma

Answer 1

• pilocarpine (2% brown, 4% blue)
• timolol
• acetazolamide

definitive
- bilateral laser iridotomy

Question 2

eye injury

Answer 2

• flushing
• removal
• abx

Question 3

allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 3

• cool compress

- anti-histamines

Question 4

keratitis / corneal ulcer

Answer 4

• abx
• avoid contact lens use
• analgesia

Question 5

uveitis

Answer 5

• corticosteroid eye drops
• management of underlying disease
• anti-muscarinic cycloplegic (paralyses ciliary muscle) mydriatic (dilates pupil) drugs
• immunosuppressants

Question 6

episcleritis

Answer 6

• often no treatment
• control underlying disease
• steroids may help

Question 7

scleritis

Answer 7

• corticosteroids
• NSAIDs
• immunosuppressants to control underlying disease

Question 8

cranial nerve palsy

Answer 8

surgical?

- prism glasses

Question 9

papilloedema

Answer 9

• sleep with head elevated
• treat cause (diuretics, steroids, surgery)
• monitor

Question 10

GCA

Answer 10

no vision / neuro = pred
vision / neuro = Methylpred
- aspirin

Question 11

retinal detachment

Answer 11

• scleral bucle
• vitrectomy
• pneumatic retinotomy

Question 12

amaurosis fugax

Answer 12

• stroke workup

- stroke prophylaxis

Question 13

posterior vitreous haemorrhage

Answer 13

• no treatment

- laser can be helpful

Question 14

vitreous haemorrhage

Answer 14

• observe and tell patients how to prevent it worsening

Question 15

retinal artery occlusion

Answer 15

• decompress the retinal anterior chamber to reduce IOP

Question 16

optic neuritis

Answer 16

• pulsed methylprednisolone

- immunosuppressive treatment if MS

Question 17

cataracts

Answer 17

• observation

- surgery

Question 18

open angle glaucoma

Answer 18

• latanoprost (prostaglandin analogues)
• beta-blockers (timolol)
• carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide)
• sympathomimetics (brimonidine)
• laser trabeculoplasty / trabculecomy

Question 19

ARMD wet

Answer 19

• anti vegf

Question 20

orbital cellulitis

Answer 20

• IV abx
• nasal decongestant
• drainage if need be

Question 21

meibomian cyst / chalazion

Answer 21

• warm compress and gentle massage

Question 22

blepharitis

Answer 22

• eyelid hygiene measures
• omega 3 fatty acids
• artificial tears
• topical abx and steroids if need be

Question 23

dry eyes

Answer 23

• • artificial tears

- surgical punctual pluds

Question 24

amblyopia (lazy eye)

Answer 24

• correction of any refractive error

- patching of dominant eye or atropine (helps to strengthen weaker eye)

Question 25

squint / strabismus

Answer 25

- correction of refractive errors | - extra-ocular muscle surgery

Question 26

paediatric cataracts

Answer 26

- surgery - glasses / lenses - patching

Question 27

retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 27

- vitamin A supplementatin - fish oils - visual aids

Question 28

retinoblastoma

Answer 28

- enucleation | - radiotherapy / chemo

Question 29

keratoconus

Answer 29

- glasses - contact lenses - corneal transplant