OPERATIVE INTERVENTIONS IN LABOUR Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications for an episiotomy?

A

Female circumcision

Previous perineal reconstructive surgery

Instrumental delivery

Breech delivery

Shoulder dystocia

Abnormal CTG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the commonly used type of episiotomy in the UK?

A

Mediolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many layers should be individually sutured post-episiotomy?

A

Three

  1. Vaginal skin
  2. Perineal body
  3. Perineal skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Having sutured up an episiotomy what must you do?

A

Perform a vaginal examination and PR examination to check that no sutures have broached rectal mucose as this can result in fistula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the different degrees of perineal trauma?

A

1st degree: involves skin only

2nd degree: involves skin and perineal muscles only

3rd degree (a): includes partial tear (less than 50%) of external sphincter

3rd degree (b): includes partial tear (more than 50%) of external sphincter

3rd degree (c): includes internal sphincter

4th degree: involves rectal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most commonly used type of ventouse tool for assisted vaginal delivery?

A

KIWI cup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the indications for using a ventouse cup?

A

Maternal: delay in 2nd stage of labour due to maternal exhaustion

Fetal: abnormal CTG or slow progress in 2nd stage of due to fetal malposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the criteria you must check are fulfilled before proceeding with any instrument assisted vaginal delivery (ventouse or forceps)?

A

Give adequate analgesia

Abdominal examination must show head is either 0/5 or 1/5 palpable, also need to estimate fetal size

Vaginal examination: cervix must be fully dilated, head must be either at or below ischial spine, you must know fetal position, note the presence of caput or moulding

Adequate maternal effort and regular contractions is necessary for a ventouse delivery

Bladder must be empty for forceps delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long should ventouse assisted delivery take maximum?

A

15 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the complications of ventouse assisted delivery?

A

Maternal: Genital tract trauma with risk of haemorrhage and/or infection

Fetal: Chignon (scalp oedema) or cephalohaematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the types of non-rotational or traction forceps used in delivery?

A

Simpsons
Andersons
Neville-Barnes
Wrigleys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the type of rotational forceps used in delivery?

A

Keillands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the maternal indications for using forceps to assist delivery?

A

Medical conditions complicating labour eg cardiovascular disease
Unconscious mother ie mother is unable to keep pushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the fetal indications for using forceps to assist delivery?

A
Gestation less than 34 weeks
Face presentation
Known or suspected fetal bleeding disorder
After-coming head of a breech
At c-section
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the complications of forcep assisted delivery?

A

Bruising

Rarely facial nerve palsy or depression skull fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly