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AU13 - Operative Final Exam > Operative Final Exam - Lectures: Amalgam Restorations and Quadrant Dentistry > Flashcards

Operative Final Exam - Lectures: Amalgam Restorations and Quadrant Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

If the mouth was divided into a sextant, how many sections would there be and name their location.

A
  • 6 sections
  • maxillary left, right, and anterior
  • mandibular left, right, and anterior
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2
Q

What is quadrant dentistry?

A

treating all of the affected teeth in 1 quadrant/sextant during the same visit as opposed to 1 tooth at a time

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3
Q

What are the advantages of quadrant dentistry?

A
  • less number of appointments for patient
  • less discomfort for patient
  • more efficient and productive for dentist
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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of quadrant dentistry?

A
  • increased chairside time
  • does not follow the ideal treatment sequence (3 phases: get the patient out of pain, remove caries, and then restorative care)
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5
Q

What are some reasons to perform (indications) quadrant dentistry?

A
  • adjacent interproximal caries (“kissing caries)
  • multiple faulty restorations
  • pediatric dentistry
  • medically compromised patients
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6
Q

What are some reasons not to perform (contraindications) quadrant dentistry?

A
  • lack of dental experience
  • patient who have TMJ dysfunction syndrome
  • patients who cannot stay in a reclined position for a long time
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7
Q

What is the formula of a low-copper amalgam?

A

Ag3Sn (gamma) + Hg –> Ag2Hg3(gamma1) + Sn7-8Hg(gamma2) + Ag3Sn (unreacted gamma)

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8
Q

What is the weakest phase of low-copper amalgam?

A

gamma2

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9
Q

What is the most corrosion-prone phase in low-copper amalgam?

A

gamma2

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10
Q

Which type of amalgam (high or low copper) has high creep? Why?

A

low-copper because gamma2 doesn’t prevent gamma1 from sliding

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11
Q

What is creep?

A

the tendency of a solid material to flow or permanently deform under constant cyclic loading over time

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12
Q

What percentage of copper is considered a low-copper amalgam? A high-copper amalgam?

A
  • low-copper amalgam = 6% Cu
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13
Q

What is the difference in phases between high-copper and low-copper amalgams?

A

high-copper amalgam has a n’ phase of Cu6Sn5 so there is no gamma2

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14
Q

What is the composition of gamma?

A

Ag3Sn

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15
Q

What is the composition of gamma1?

A

Ag2Hg3

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16
Q

What is the composition of gamma2?

A

Sn7-8Hg

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17
Q

What is the composition of n’?

A

Cu6Sn5

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18
Q

What are the two types of high-copper amalgams?

A
  • admixed alloy (lathe-cut and spherical)

- unicompositional (spherical)

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19
Q

What is the difference in the reaction formula of admixed alloy and unicompositional high-copper amalgams?

A
  • admixed alloy has two steps: first step in which gamma2 forms and then second step in which n’ forms so no gamma2 is left
  • unicompositional is only one step in which n’ forms (in addition to gamma1)
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20
Q

How is creep minimized in high-copper amalgam?

A

the n’ phase prevents the sliding of gamma1 to minimize creep and marginal breakdown

21
Q

Which amalgam particle shape (lathe-cut or spherical) requires less condensation forces since it has looser contact?

A

spherical

22
Q

Which amalgam particle shape (lathe-cut or spherical) has a low packing density with more spaces?

A

lathe-cut

23
Q

Which amalgam particle shape (lathe-cut or spherical) has a higher surface area so more Hg and more expansion?

A

lathe-cut

24
Q

Which amalgam particle shape (lathe-cut or spherical) packs more efficiently and slides easier to make less voids and higher strength?

A

spherical

25
Q

Which amalgam particle shape (lathe-cut or spherical) is difficult to achieve proximal contact?

A

spherical

26
Q

Which amalgam particle shape (lathe-cut or spherical) requires a large diameter condenser for proper condensation?

A

spherical

27
Q

What type of amalgam is used at OSU? Describe it.

A
  • Permite C
  • high-copper amalgam
  • admix type (spherical and lathe-cut)
  • zinc-containing (0.2%)
28
Q

What is the problem with zinc-containing amalgams?

A

if moisture contaminates, it will cause delayed expansion

29
Q

What is the difference between direct and indirect restorations?

A
  • direct restorations are placed directly in the oral cavity as a soft plastic material to build lost structure before they set hard
  • indirect restorations are fabricated outside the oral cavity (like crowns)
30
Q

True or false: A rubber dam is not necessary in quadrant dentistry.

A

FALSE. A rubber dam is a prerequisite of quadrant dentistry.

31
Q

What should you do if you have multiple adjacent Class II preps when performing quadrant dentistry?

A

restore two non-adjacent teeth first and then do the teeth in between

32
Q

When doing a back-to-back Class II amalgam restoration in quadrant dentistry, what are the two methods you could use? Which is recommended?

A
  • Method 1: band and restore the Class II preps simultaneously
  • Method 2: band and restore each tooth separately, one preparation at a time starting with the most posterior tooth
  • Method 2 is recommended.
33
Q

What is flash?

A

when excess amalgam is covering the cavosurface margin

34
Q

What is the definition of submarginal in amalgam restorations?

A

the amalgam doesn’t reach the cavosurface margin

35
Q

What is the definition of an open margin in amalgam restorations?

A

the amalgam is at the right height with the cavosurface margin except right at the edge of the restoration where a chunk is missing

36
Q

What are the steps of an amalgam restoration?

A
  • activation
  • trituration
  • placement
  • condensation
  • carving
  • finishing
  • polishing
37
Q

What are the characteristics of under triturated amalgam?

A
  • incomplete amalgamation
  • poor working quality
  • granular and crumbly
  • decreases final strength
38
Q

What are some characteristics of over triturated amalgam?

A
  • decreases final strength
  • overly warm and shiny
  • decreases working time
39
Q

True or false: Deep occlusal grooves should be avoided when carving.

A

true because this thins the amalgam at the margins

40
Q

A faint marking is left on the opposing tooth after an amalgam restoration was completed. Should the amalgam be carved down?

A

No. You don’t want to take the amalgam completely out of occlusion. You carve down if a patient says that they can feel it or if there is a heavy marking like a bullseye/halo/doughnut.

41
Q

What are the two types of matrix bands? What is the difference between the two?

A
  • No. 1 - normal (like we use in lab)

- No. 2 - has gingival extensions for preps that are extended occlusogingivally

42
Q

What are the purposes of a matrix band?

A
  • provides a wall against which one can condense amalgam
  • re-establish proximal contact of restoration with adjacent tooth
  • aids in isolation of preparation during the fill
  • provides containment of the amalgam
  • aides in prevention of voids
  • helps to shape the proximal contacts
43
Q

What are the two types of Tofflemire retainers?

A
  • contra-angle

- straight

44
Q

Which Tofflemire retainer is usually used on the buccal side of a tooth? Which on the lingual side?

A
  • contra-angle on the lingual

- straight on the buccal

45
Q

What are the functions of a wedge?

A
  • adapts the gingival edge of the matrix band against the gingival cavosurface of the preparation to prevent flash from squeezing out gingivally
  • spearates the teeth slightly to compensate for the thickness of the band
  • helps stabilize the band
46
Q

What is the purpose of trituration?

A

to remove the oxide coating and wet each particle of alloy with mercury

47
Q

How much pressure is necessary to place amalgam?

A

5-10 lbs

48
Q

What does burnishing amalgam do?

A
  • a form of final condensation
  • removes mercury-rich excess at surface
  • begins development of occlusal grooves and fossae
49
Q

How is amalgam carved: from tooth to amalgam or amalgam to tooth?

A

tooth to amalgam

AU13 - Operative Final Exam (5 decks)

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